Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea
Marine algal toxins, highly toxic secondary metabolites, have significant influences on coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. The occurrence and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in the surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary (CJE) and the adjacent...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/596 |
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| author | Xiuping He Junhui Chen Danni Wu Ping Sun Xin Ma Jiuming Wang Lijun Liu Kan Chen Baodong Wang |
| author_facet | Xiuping He Junhui Chen Danni Wu Ping Sun Xin Ma Jiuming Wang Lijun Liu Kan Chen Baodong Wang |
| author_sort | Xiuping He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine algal toxins, highly toxic secondary metabolites, have significant influences on coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. The occurrence and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in the surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary (CJE) and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1), and gymnodimine (GYM) were detected in the CJE surface seawater in summer, with concentration ranges of not detected (ND)−105.54 ng/L, ND−13.24 ng/L, ND−5.48 ng/L, and ND−12.95 ng/L, respectively. DTX1 (ND−316.15 ng/L), OA (ND−16.13 ng/L), and PTX2 (ND−4.97 ng/L) were detected in the ECS during spring. LMATs formed a unique low-concentration band in the Changjiang diluted water (CJDW) coverage area in the typical large river estuary. PTX2, OA, and DTX1 in seawater were mainly derived from <i>Dinophysis caudate</i> and <i>Dinophysis rotundata</i>, while GYM was suspected to be from <i>Karenia selliformis</i>. Correlation analyses showed that LMAT levels in seawater were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and salinity, but negatively correlated with temperature and nutrients, indicating that the hydrological condition and nutritional status of seawater and climatic factors exert significant effects on the distribution of LMATs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:11:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8fa353f4830748ca9941650e2bbfe313 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:11:15Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-8fa353f4830748ca9941650e2bbfe3132022-12-22T01:58:03ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-10-01111059610.3390/toxins11100596toxins11100596Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China SeaXiuping He0Junhui Chen1Danni Wu2Ping Sun3Xin Ma4Jiuming Wang5Lijun Liu6Kan Chen7Baodong Wang8Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaQinhuangdao Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Qinhuangdao 066000, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaKey Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaMarine algal toxins, highly toxic secondary metabolites, have significant influences on coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. The occurrence and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in the surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary (CJE) and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1), and gymnodimine (GYM) were detected in the CJE surface seawater in summer, with concentration ranges of not detected (ND)−105.54 ng/L, ND−13.24 ng/L, ND−5.48 ng/L, and ND−12.95 ng/L, respectively. DTX1 (ND−316.15 ng/L), OA (ND−16.13 ng/L), and PTX2 (ND−4.97 ng/L) were detected in the ECS during spring. LMATs formed a unique low-concentration band in the Changjiang diluted water (CJDW) coverage area in the typical large river estuary. PTX2, OA, and DTX1 in seawater were mainly derived from <i>Dinophysis caudate</i> and <i>Dinophysis rotundata</i>, while GYM was suspected to be from <i>Karenia selliformis</i>. Correlation analyses showed that LMAT levels in seawater were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and salinity, but negatively correlated with temperature and nutrients, indicating that the hydrological condition and nutritional status of seawater and climatic factors exert significant effects on the distribution of LMATs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/596marine algae toxinslarge river estuarychangjiang estuaryeast china seaseawaterphytoplankton |
| spellingShingle | Xiuping He Junhui Chen Danni Wu Ping Sun Xin Ma Jiuming Wang Lijun Liu Kan Chen Baodong Wang Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea Toxins marine algae toxins large river estuary changjiang estuary east china sea seawater phytoplankton |
| title | Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea |
| title_full | Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea |
| title_fullStr | Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea |
| title_short | Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea |
| title_sort | distribution characteristics and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins in changjiang estuary and the adjacent east china sea |
| topic | marine algae toxins large river estuary changjiang estuary east china sea seawater phytoplankton |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/596 |
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