Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration
Peripheral nerve injuries result in the loss of the motor, sensory and autonomic functions of the denervated segments of the body. Neurons can regenerate after peripheral axotomy, but inaccuracy in reinnervation causes a permanent loss of function that impairs complete recovery. Thus, understanding...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2131 |
| _version_ | 1827705867998330880 |
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| author | Sara Bolívar Xavier Navarro Esther Udina |
| author_facet | Sara Bolívar Xavier Navarro Esther Udina |
| author_sort | Sara Bolívar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peripheral nerve injuries result in the loss of the motor, sensory and autonomic functions of the denervated segments of the body. Neurons can regenerate after peripheral axotomy, but inaccuracy in reinnervation causes a permanent loss of function that impairs complete recovery. Thus, understanding how regenerating axons respond to their environment and direct their growth is essential to improve the functional outcome of patients with nerve lesions. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the regeneration process, but little is known about their contribution to specific reinnervation. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SCs can differentially influence the regeneration of motor and sensory axons. Mature SCs express modality-specific phenotypes that have been associated with the promotion of selective regeneration. These include molecular markers, such as L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is differentially expressed in motor and sensory SCs, or the neurotrophic profile after denervation, which differs remarkably between SC modalities. Other important factors include several molecules implicated in axon-SC interaction. This cell–cell communication through adhesion (e.g., polysialic acid) and inhibitory molecules (e.g., MAG) contributes to guiding growing axons to their targets. As many of these factors can be modulated, further research will allow the design of new strategies to improve functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8fb2b6d4eb2b427aa1cf6a2e63f0431d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-8fb2b6d4eb2b427aa1cf6a2e63f0431d2023-11-20T14:24:06ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-09-0199213110.3390/cells9092131Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve RegenerationSara Bolívar0Xavier Navarro1Esther Udina2Institute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, SpainInstitute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, SpainInstitute of Neurosciences, Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08193 Bellaterra, SpainPeripheral nerve injuries result in the loss of the motor, sensory and autonomic functions of the denervated segments of the body. Neurons can regenerate after peripheral axotomy, but inaccuracy in reinnervation causes a permanent loss of function that impairs complete recovery. Thus, understanding how regenerating axons respond to their environment and direct their growth is essential to improve the functional outcome of patients with nerve lesions. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the regeneration process, but little is known about their contribution to specific reinnervation. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SCs can differentially influence the regeneration of motor and sensory axons. Mature SCs express modality-specific phenotypes that have been associated with the promotion of selective regeneration. These include molecular markers, such as L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate, which is differentially expressed in motor and sensory SCs, or the neurotrophic profile after denervation, which differs remarkably between SC modalities. Other important factors include several molecules implicated in axon-SC interaction. This cell–cell communication through adhesion (e.g., polysialic acid) and inhibitory molecules (e.g., MAG) contributes to guiding growing axons to their targets. As many of these factors can be modulated, further research will allow the design of new strategies to improve functional recovery after peripheral nerve injuries.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2131axonSchwann cellregenerationaxon-glia interactionsperipheral nerve injuryreinnervation accuracy |
| spellingShingle | Sara Bolívar Xavier Navarro Esther Udina Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration Cells axon Schwann cell regeneration axon-glia interactions peripheral nerve injury reinnervation accuracy |
| title | Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration |
| title_full | Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration |
| title_short | Schwann Cell Role in Selectivity of Nerve Regeneration |
| title_sort | schwann cell role in selectivity of nerve regeneration |
| topic | axon Schwann cell regeneration axon-glia interactions peripheral nerve injury reinnervation accuracy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/2131 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarabolivar schwanncellroleinselectivityofnerveregeneration AT xaviernavarro schwanncellroleinselectivityofnerveregeneration AT estherudina schwanncellroleinselectivityofnerveregeneration |