Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis and are associated with high morbidity because of their ability to survive in the environment and small inoculum size required for infection. Norovirus is transmitted through water, food, high touch-surfaces, and human-to-human contact....
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/226 |
| _version_ | 1797477397231042560 |
|---|---|
| author | Richard M. Mariita James H. Davis Rajul V. Randive |
| author_facet | Richard M. Mariita James H. Davis Rajul V. Randive |
| author_sort | Richard M. Mariita |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis and are associated with high morbidity because of their ability to survive in the environment and small inoculum size required for infection. Norovirus is transmitted through water, food, high touch-surfaces, and human-to-human contact. Ultraviolet Subtype C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can disrupt the norovirus transmission chain for water, food, and surfaces. Here, we illuminate considerations to be adhered to when picking norovirus surrogates for disinfection studies and shine light on effective use of UVC for norovirus infection control in water and air and validation for such systems and explore the blind spot of radiation safety considerations when using UVC disinfection strategies. This perspective also discusses the promise of UVC for norovirus mitigation to save and ease life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:17:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8fb763fb984b4307a2cd482b2ca0ad82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:17:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-8fb763fb984b4307a2cd482b2ca0ad822023-11-23T21:32:19ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-02-0111222610.3390/pathogens11020226Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety ConsiderationsRichard M. Mariita0James H. Davis1Rajul V. Randive2Crystal IS Inc., an Asahi Kasei Company, 70 Cohoes Avenue, Green Island, NY 12183, USACrystal IS Inc., an Asahi Kasei Company, 70 Cohoes Avenue, Green Island, NY 12183, USACrystal IS Inc., an Asahi Kasei Company, 70 Cohoes Avenue, Green Island, NY 12183, USAHuman noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of gastroenteritis and are associated with high morbidity because of their ability to survive in the environment and small inoculum size required for infection. Norovirus is transmitted through water, food, high touch-surfaces, and human-to-human contact. Ultraviolet Subtype C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can disrupt the norovirus transmission chain for water, food, and surfaces. Here, we illuminate considerations to be adhered to when picking norovirus surrogates for disinfection studies and shine light on effective use of UVC for norovirus infection control in water and air and validation for such systems and explore the blind spot of radiation safety considerations when using UVC disinfection strategies. This perspective also discusses the promise of UVC for norovirus mitigation to save and ease life.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/226disinfectionLEDsmodel organismshuman norovirusphysicochemical parameterspublic health |
| spellingShingle | Richard M. Mariita James H. Davis Rajul V. Randive Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations Pathogens disinfection LEDs model organisms human norovirus physicochemical parameters public health |
| title | Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations |
| title_full | Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations |
| title_fullStr | Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations |
| title_short | Illuminating Human Norovirus: A Perspective on Disinfection of Water and Surfaces Using UVC, Norovirus Model Organisms, and Radiation Safety Considerations |
| title_sort | illuminating human norovirus a perspective on disinfection of water and surfaces using uvc norovirus model organisms and radiation safety considerations |
| topic | disinfection LEDs model organisms human norovirus physicochemical parameters public health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/2/226 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT richardmmariita illuminatinghumannorovirusaperspectiveondisinfectionofwaterandsurfacesusinguvcnorovirusmodelorganismsandradiationsafetyconsiderations AT jameshdavis illuminatinghumannorovirusaperspectiveondisinfectionofwaterandsurfacesusinguvcnorovirusmodelorganismsandradiationsafetyconsiderations AT rajulvrandive illuminatinghumannorovirusaperspectiveondisinfectionofwaterandsurfacesusinguvcnorovirusmodelorganismsandradiationsafetyconsiderations |