| Summary: | Termite mushrooms have been classified to the genus <i>Termitomyces</i>, family <i>Lyophyllaceae</i>, order <i>Agaricales</i>. These mushrooms form a mutualistic association with termites in the subfamily <i>Macrotermitinae</i>. In fact, all <i>Termitomyces</i> species are edible and have unique food value attributed to their texture, flavour, nutrient content, and beneficial mediational properties. Additionally, <i>Termitomyces</i> have been recognized for their ethno-medicinal importance in various indigenous communities throughout Asia and Africa. Recent studies on <i>Termitomyces</i> have indicated that their bioactive compounds have the potential to fight against certain human diseases such as cancer, hyperlipidaemia, gastroduodenal diseases, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, they possess various beneficial antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Moreover, different enzymes produced from <i>Termitomyces</i> have the potential to be used in a range of industrial applications. Herein, we present a brief review of the current findings through an overview of recently published literature involving taxonomic updates, diversity, distribution, ethno-medicinal uses, nutritional value, medicinal importance, and industrial implementations of <i>Termitomyces</i>, as well as its socioeconomic importance.
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