Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis
Background: The accurate estimation of temporal patterns of influenza may help in utilizing hospital resources and guiding influenza surveillance. This paper proposes functional data analysis (FDA) to improve the prediction of temporal patterns of influenza. Methods: We illustrate FDA methods using...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Infectious Disease Modelling |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042721000580 |
| _version_ | 1797203309271973888 |
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| author | Azizur Rahman Depeng Jiang |
| author_facet | Azizur Rahman Depeng Jiang |
| author_sort | Azizur Rahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The accurate estimation of temporal patterns of influenza may help in utilizing hospital resources and guiding influenza surveillance. This paper proposes functional data analysis (FDA) to improve the prediction of temporal patterns of influenza. Methods: We illustrate FDA methods using the weekly Influenza-like Illness (ILI) activity level data from the U.S. We propose to use the Fourier basis function for transforming discrete weekly data to the smoothed functional ILI activities. Functional analysis of variance (FANOVA) is used to examine the regional differences in temporal patterns and the impact of state's political orientation. Results: The ILI activity has a very distinct peak at the beginning and end of the year. There are significant differences in average level of ILI activities among geographic regions. However, the temporal patterns in terms of the peak and flat time are quite consistent across regions. The geographic and temporal patterns of ILI activities also depend on the political make-up of states. The states affiliated with Republicans had higher ILI activities than those affiliated with Democrats across the whole year. The influence of political party affiliation on temporal pattern is quite different among geographic regions. Conclusions: Functional data analysis can help us to reveal the temporal variability in average ILI levels, rate of change in ILI levels, and the effect of geographical regions. Consideration should be given to wider application of FDA to generate more accurate estimates in public health and biomedical research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:17:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8fd5626d234e480d963476b28137ccd5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-0427 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T08:17:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Disease Modelling |
| spelling | doaj.art-8fd5626d234e480d963476b28137ccd52024-04-17T03:14:22ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Infectious Disease Modelling2468-04272021-01-01610611072Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysisAzizur Rahman0Depeng Jiang1Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; School of Sciences, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Corresponding author. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, S113-750 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, R3E 0W3, Canada.Background: The accurate estimation of temporal patterns of influenza may help in utilizing hospital resources and guiding influenza surveillance. This paper proposes functional data analysis (FDA) to improve the prediction of temporal patterns of influenza. Methods: We illustrate FDA methods using the weekly Influenza-like Illness (ILI) activity level data from the U.S. We propose to use the Fourier basis function for transforming discrete weekly data to the smoothed functional ILI activities. Functional analysis of variance (FANOVA) is used to examine the regional differences in temporal patterns and the impact of state's political orientation. Results: The ILI activity has a very distinct peak at the beginning and end of the year. There are significant differences in average level of ILI activities among geographic regions. However, the temporal patterns in terms of the peak and flat time are quite consistent across regions. The geographic and temporal patterns of ILI activities also depend on the political make-up of states. The states affiliated with Republicans had higher ILI activities than those affiliated with Democrats across the whole year. The influence of political party affiliation on temporal pattern is quite different among geographic regions. Conclusions: Functional data analysis can help us to reveal the temporal variability in average ILI levels, rate of change in ILI levels, and the effect of geographical regions. Consideration should be given to wider application of FDA to generate more accurate estimates in public health and biomedical research.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042721000580Functional data analysisFunctional ANOVAInfluenza-like illnessTemporal patternsPolitical orientation |
| spellingShingle | Azizur Rahman Depeng Jiang Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis Infectious Disease Modelling Functional data analysis Functional ANOVA Influenza-like illness Temporal patterns Political orientation |
| title | Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis |
| title_full | Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis |
| title_fullStr | Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis |
| title_short | Regional and temporal patterns of influenza: Application of functional data analysis |
| title_sort | regional and temporal patterns of influenza application of functional data analysis |
| topic | Functional data analysis Functional ANOVA Influenza-like illness Temporal patterns Political orientation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468042721000580 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT azizurrahman regionalandtemporalpatternsofinfluenzaapplicationoffunctionaldataanalysis AT depengjiang regionalandtemporalpatternsofinfluenzaapplicationoffunctionaldataanalysis |