Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was measured continuously at an urban site in Baoji city in northern China in 2018 to investigate the seasonal distribution characteristics. Coarse PM (PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>) was more prevalent in spring, substantially due to the regional transport of du...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/5/216 |
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| author | Xin Zhang Bianhong Zhou Zhiyu Li Yue Lin Lijuan Li Yuemei Han |
| author_facet | Xin Zhang Bianhong Zhou Zhiyu Li Yue Lin Lijuan Li Yuemei Han |
| author_sort | Xin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was measured continuously at an urban site in Baoji city in northern China in 2018 to investigate the seasonal distribution characteristics. Coarse PM (PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>) was more prevalent in spring, substantially due to the regional transport of dust. High loadings of coarse PM were found at night compared to daytime, which could result from high production and unfavorable dispersion conditions. Fine PM (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) constituted, on average, 54% of the total PM mass concentration, whereas it contributed more than 97% of the total PM number concentration. The number and mass concentrations of fine PM increased substantially in the winter, which was possibly due to the enhanced production of atmospheric secondary processes and coal combustion. Precursor gaseous pollutants and meteorology greatly influenced the PM distributions. Fine PM was associated more strongly with gas pollutants than coarse PM, which suggested that it largely originated from secondary production and combustion sources. High relative humidity appeared to promote the production of fine PM, whereas it facilitated the removal of coarse PM. This study highlights that different air-pollution control strategies should be used for coarse and fine PM according to the distribution characteristics and influencing factors in similar medium-sized urban areas. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-8fd5a50310f4481a99c6c359baa807782023-11-23T13:21:19ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-04-0110521610.3390/toxics10050216Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern ChinaXin Zhang0Bianhong Zhou1Zhiyu Li2Yue Lin3Lijuan Li4Yuemei Han5Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaKey Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, ChinaAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) was measured continuously at an urban site in Baoji city in northern China in 2018 to investigate the seasonal distribution characteristics. Coarse PM (PM<sub>2.5–10</sub>) was more prevalent in spring, substantially due to the regional transport of dust. High loadings of coarse PM were found at night compared to daytime, which could result from high production and unfavorable dispersion conditions. Fine PM (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) constituted, on average, 54% of the total PM mass concentration, whereas it contributed more than 97% of the total PM number concentration. The number and mass concentrations of fine PM increased substantially in the winter, which was possibly due to the enhanced production of atmospheric secondary processes and coal combustion. Precursor gaseous pollutants and meteorology greatly influenced the PM distributions. Fine PM was associated more strongly with gas pollutants than coarse PM, which suggested that it largely originated from secondary production and combustion sources. High relative humidity appeared to promote the production of fine PM, whereas it facilitated the removal of coarse PM. This study highlights that different air-pollution control strategies should be used for coarse and fine PM according to the distribution characteristics and influencing factors in similar medium-sized urban areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/5/216aerosol particlessize distributionseasonal variationmeteorology influencesource |
| spellingShingle | Xin Zhang Bianhong Zhou Zhiyu Li Yue Lin Lijuan Li Yuemei Han Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China Toxics aerosol particles size distribution seasonal variation meteorology influence source |
| title | Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China |
| title_full | Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China |
| title_short | Seasonal Distribution of Atmospheric Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter in a Medium-Sized City of Northern China |
| title_sort | seasonal distribution of atmospheric coarse and fine particulate matter in a medium sized city of northern china |
| topic | aerosol particles size distribution seasonal variation meteorology influence source |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/5/216 |
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