| Summary: | Sheep milk yield and milk composition traits play an important role in supplying newborn lambs with essential components such as amino acids, energy, vitamins and immune antibodies and are also of interest in terms of the nutritional value of the milk for human consumption. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions and candidate genes for milk yield and milk composition traits through genome-wide SNP analyses between high and low performing ewes of the Egyptian Barki sheep breed, which is well adapted to the harsh conditions of North-East Africa. Therefore, out of a herd of 111 ewes of the Egyptian Barki sheep breed (IBD = 0.08), ewes representing extremes in milk yield and milk quality traits (<i>n</i> = 25 for each group of animals) were genotyped using the Illumina OvineSNP50 V2 BeadChip. The fixation index (F<sub>ST</sub>) for each SNP was calculated between the diversified groups. F<sub>ST</sub> values were Z-transformed and used to identify putative SNPs for further analysis (Z(F<sub>ST</sub>) > 10). Genome-wide SNP analysis revealed genomic regions covering promising candidate genes related to milk performance traits such as <i>SLC5A8</i>, <i>NUB1</i>, <i>TBC1D1</i>, <i>KLF3</i> and <i>ABHD5</i> for milk yield and <i>PPARA</i> and <i>FBLN1</i> genes for milk quality trait. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic improvement of milk performance traits in Barki sheep breed and to the general understanding of the genetic contribution to variability in milk yield and quality traits.
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