Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate
The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connect...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
| _version_ | 1819295438913667072 |
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| author | Sophie Bestley Yan Ropert-Coudert Susan Bengtson Nash Cassandra M. Brooks Cédric Cotté Meagan Dewar Meagan Dewar Ari S. Friedlaender Jennifer A. Jackson Sara Labrousse Andrew D. Lowther Clive R. McMahon Clive R. McMahon Richard A. Phillips Pierre Pistorius Peter S. Puskic Peter S. Puskic Ana Olivia de A. Reis Ryan R. Reisinger Mercedes Santos Esther Tarszisz Paul Tixier Philip N. Trathan Mia Wege Mia Wege Barbara Wienecke |
| author_facet | Sophie Bestley Yan Ropert-Coudert Susan Bengtson Nash Cassandra M. Brooks Cédric Cotté Meagan Dewar Meagan Dewar Ari S. Friedlaender Jennifer A. Jackson Sara Labrousse Andrew D. Lowther Clive R. McMahon Clive R. McMahon Richard A. Phillips Pierre Pistorius Peter S. Puskic Peter S. Puskic Ana Olivia de A. Reis Ryan R. Reisinger Mercedes Santos Esther Tarszisz Paul Tixier Philip N. Trathan Mia Wege Mia Wege Barbara Wienecke |
| author_sort | Sophie Bestley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connecting pelagic marine food webs and are widely studied relative to other taxa. Many birds and mammals establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy to study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea and thus aspects of their life cycle are more complicated to monitor and study. Nevertheless, they all feed at sea and their reproductive success depends on the food availability in the marine environment, hence they are considered useful indicators of the state of the marine resources. In general, top predators have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature data-recording or transmitting devices to monitor their activities at sea. Development of scientific techniques to study reproduction and foraging of top predators has led to substantial scientific literature on their population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, foraging and feeding ecology, and linkages with atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics, for a number of species and regions. We briefly summarize the vast literature on Southern Ocean top predators, focusing on the most recent syntheses. We also provide an overview on the key current and emerging pressures faced by these animals as a result of both natural and human causes. We recognize the overarching impact that environmental changes driven by climate change have on the ecology of these species. We also evaluate direct and indirect interactions between marine predators and other factors such as disease, pollution, land disturbance and the increasing pressure from global fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Where possible we consider the data availability for assessing the status and trends for each of these components, their capacity for resilience or recovery, effectiveness of management responses, risk likelihood of key impacts and future outlook. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:42:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8ffbe4ad8978494ca68d191057c9cf4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T04:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-8ffbe4ad8978494ca68d191057c9cf4e2022-12-21T17:14:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2020-11-01810.3389/fevo.2020.566936566936Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing ClimateSophie Bestley0Yan Ropert-Coudert1Susan Bengtson Nash2Cassandra M. Brooks3Cédric Cotté4Meagan Dewar5Meagan Dewar6Ari S. Friedlaender7Jennifer A. Jackson8Sara Labrousse9Andrew D. Lowther10Clive R. McMahon11Clive R. McMahon12Richard A. Phillips13Pierre Pistorius14Peter S. Puskic15Peter S. Puskic16Ana Olivia de A. Reis17Ryan R. Reisinger18Mercedes Santos19Esther Tarszisz20Paul Tixier21Philip N. Trathan22Mia Wege23Mia Wege24Barbara Wienecke25Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, AustraliaCentre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, FranceEnvironmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, AustraliaEnvironmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United StatesSorbonne Université UMR 7159 CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN-IPSL, Paris, FranceSchool of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, AustraliaInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United StatesBritish Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom0Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States1Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, NorwayInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia2IMOS Animal Tagging, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, AustraliaBritish Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom3Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South AfricaInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia4Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia5Laboratório de Micropoluentes Orgânicos Jan Japenga, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilInstitute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States6Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina7Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia8School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaBritish Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom9Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand0Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa1Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Kingston, TAS, AustraliaThe massive number of seabirds (penguins and procellariiformes) and marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) – referred to here as top predators – is one of the most iconic components of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. They play an important role as highly mobile consumers, structuring and connecting pelagic marine food webs and are widely studied relative to other taxa. Many birds and mammals establish dense breeding colonies or use haul-out sites, making them relatively easy to study. Cetaceans, however, spend their lives at sea and thus aspects of their life cycle are more complicated to monitor and study. Nevertheless, they all feed at sea and their reproductive success depends on the food availability in the marine environment, hence they are considered useful indicators of the state of the marine resources. In general, top predators have large body sizes that allow for instrumentation with miniature data-recording or transmitting devices to monitor their activities at sea. Development of scientific techniques to study reproduction and foraging of top predators has led to substantial scientific literature on their population trends, key biological parameters, migratory patterns, foraging and feeding ecology, and linkages with atmospheric or oceanographic dynamics, for a number of species and regions. We briefly summarize the vast literature on Southern Ocean top predators, focusing on the most recent syntheses. We also provide an overview on the key current and emerging pressures faced by these animals as a result of both natural and human causes. We recognize the overarching impact that environmental changes driven by climate change have on the ecology of these species. We also evaluate direct and indirect interactions between marine predators and other factors such as disease, pollution, land disturbance and the increasing pressure from global fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Where possible we consider the data availability for assessing the status and trends for each of these components, their capacity for resilience or recovery, effectiveness of management responses, risk likelihood of key impacts and future outlook.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/fullmarine ecosystem assessmentmarine predatorsclimate changefisheries interactionsconservation managementAntarctic |
| spellingShingle | Sophie Bestley Yan Ropert-Coudert Susan Bengtson Nash Cassandra M. Brooks Cédric Cotté Meagan Dewar Meagan Dewar Ari S. Friedlaender Jennifer A. Jackson Sara Labrousse Andrew D. Lowther Clive R. McMahon Clive R. McMahon Richard A. Phillips Pierre Pistorius Peter S. Puskic Peter S. Puskic Ana Olivia de A. Reis Ryan R. Reisinger Mercedes Santos Esther Tarszisz Paul Tixier Philip N. Trathan Mia Wege Mia Wege Barbara Wienecke Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution marine ecosystem assessment marine predators climate change fisheries interactions conservation management Antarctic |
| title | Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate |
| title_full | Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate |
| title_fullStr | Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate |
| title_short | Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate |
| title_sort | marine ecosystem assessment for the southern ocean birds and marine mammals in a changing climate |
| topic | marine ecosystem assessment marine predators climate change fisheries interactions conservation management Antarctic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.566936/full |
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