Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells.
Protochlamydia, an environmental chlamydia and obligate amoebal endosymbiotic bacterium, evolved to survive within protist hosts, such as Acanthamobae, 700 million years ago. However, these bacteria do not live in vertebrates, including humans. This raises the possibility that interactions between P...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3261889?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818060450650128384 |
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| author | Atsushi Ito Junji Matsuo Shinji Nakamura Asahi Yoshida Miho Okude Yasuhiro Hayashi Haruna Sakai Mitsutaka Yoshida Kaori Takahashi Hiroyuki Yamaguchi |
| author_facet | Atsushi Ito Junji Matsuo Shinji Nakamura Asahi Yoshida Miho Okude Yasuhiro Hayashi Haruna Sakai Mitsutaka Yoshida Kaori Takahashi Hiroyuki Yamaguchi |
| author_sort | Atsushi Ito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Protochlamydia, an environmental chlamydia and obligate amoebal endosymbiotic bacterium, evolved to survive within protist hosts, such as Acanthamobae, 700 million years ago. However, these bacteria do not live in vertebrates, including humans. This raises the possibility that interactions between Protochlamydia and human cells could induce a novel cytopathic effect, leading to new insights into host-parasite relationships. Therefore, we studied the effect of Protochlamydia on the survival of human immortal cell line, HEp-2 cells and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using mainly 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and also TUNEL and Transwell assays, we demonstrated that the Protochlamydia induced apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. The attachment of viable bacterial cells, but not an increase of bacterial infectious progenies within the cells, was required for the apoptosis. Other chlamydiae [Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D and L2)] did not induce the same phenomena, indicating that the observed apoptosis may be specific to the Protochlamydia. Furthermore, the bacteria had no effect on the survival of primary PBMCs collected from five volunteers, regardless of activation. We concluded that Protochlamydia induces apoptosis in human-immortal HEp-2 cells and that this endosymbiont could potentially be used as a biological tool for the elucidation of novel host-parasite relationships. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:32:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-900b60d25ef446f3b8cbb1d768e9aabc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T13:32:37Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-900b60d25ef446f3b8cbb1d768e9aabc2022-12-22T01:46:55ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0171e3027010.1371/journal.pone.0030270Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells.Atsushi ItoJunji MatsuoShinji NakamuraAsahi YoshidaMiho OkudeYasuhiro HayashiHaruna SakaiMitsutaka YoshidaKaori TakahashiHiroyuki YamaguchiProtochlamydia, an environmental chlamydia and obligate amoebal endosymbiotic bacterium, evolved to survive within protist hosts, such as Acanthamobae, 700 million years ago. However, these bacteria do not live in vertebrates, including humans. This raises the possibility that interactions between Protochlamydia and human cells could induce a novel cytopathic effect, leading to new insights into host-parasite relationships. Therefore, we studied the effect of Protochlamydia on the survival of human immortal cell line, HEp-2 cells and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using mainly 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and also TUNEL and Transwell assays, we demonstrated that the Protochlamydia induced apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. The attachment of viable bacterial cells, but not an increase of bacterial infectious progenies within the cells, was required for the apoptosis. Other chlamydiae [Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D and L2)] did not induce the same phenomena, indicating that the observed apoptosis may be specific to the Protochlamydia. Furthermore, the bacteria had no effect on the survival of primary PBMCs collected from five volunteers, regardless of activation. We concluded that Protochlamydia induces apoptosis in human-immortal HEp-2 cells and that this endosymbiont could potentially be used as a biological tool for the elucidation of novel host-parasite relationships.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3261889?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Atsushi Ito Junji Matsuo Shinji Nakamura Asahi Yoshida Miho Okude Yasuhiro Hayashi Haruna Sakai Mitsutaka Yoshida Kaori Takahashi Hiroyuki Yamaguchi Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. PLoS ONE |
| title | Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. |
| title_full | Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. |
| title_fullStr | Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. |
| title_short | Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. |
| title_sort | amoebal endosymbiont protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal hep 2 cells |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3261889?pdf=render |
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