Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds
Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) consumption has been growing in the last years, generating a large number of stalks (~10% of the berries bunch) that are still under-valorized. This study focused on the evaluation of elderberry stalks as a source of high-value phytochemicals. In thi...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/382 |
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| author | Samuel Patinha Juliana V. Murteira Carina Pedrosa Costa Ângelo C. Salvador Sónia A. O. Santos Armando J. D. Silvestre Sílvia M. Rocha |
| author_facet | Samuel Patinha Juliana V. Murteira Carina Pedrosa Costa Ângelo C. Salvador Sónia A. O. Santos Armando J. D. Silvestre Sílvia M. Rocha |
| author_sort | Samuel Patinha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) consumption has been growing in the last years, generating a large number of stalks (~10% of the berries bunch) that are still under-valorized. This study focused on the evaluation of elderberry stalks as a source of high-value phytochemicals. In this vein, the essential mineral content and lipophilic composition were analyzed for the first time. In addition, the polar fraction was evaluated regarding its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by both 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assays. The lipophilic fraction was mainly composed of triterpenic acids (2902.20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of dry weight (dw)), fatty acids (711.73 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) and sterols (288.56 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw). Minor amounts of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and other components were also detected. Ursolic acid (2265.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw), hexadecanoic acid (219.85 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) and <i>β</i>-sitosterol (202.74 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) were the major lipophilic components verified. The results of this study also indicated that elderberry stalks might be used as a natural source of essential minerals, particularly calcium, iron and potassium, which are known to play important roles in various body functions. The analysis of the polar fraction also showed that elderberry stalks present TPC as high as elderberry themselves as well as considerable antioxidant activity (1.04 and 0.37 mmol TE g<sup>−1</sup> of extract, against respectively ABTS and DPPH radicals). These results highlight the potential of elderberry stalks as a natural source of high-value phytochemicals that may be explored in several fields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:26Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:49:26Z |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-901065fc889c4e0d9b14358f08ec7c582023-11-23T11:12:12ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-12-0112138210.3390/app12010382Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic CompoundsSamuel Patinha0Juliana V. Murteira1Carina Pedrosa Costa2Ângelo C. Salvador3Sónia A. O. Santos4Armando J. D. Silvestre5Sílvia M. Rocha6LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalLAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalElderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) consumption has been growing in the last years, generating a large number of stalks (~10% of the berries bunch) that are still under-valorized. This study focused on the evaluation of elderberry stalks as a source of high-value phytochemicals. In this vein, the essential mineral content and lipophilic composition were analyzed for the first time. In addition, the polar fraction was evaluated regarding its total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity by both 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assays. The lipophilic fraction was mainly composed of triterpenic acids (2902.20 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> of dry weight (dw)), fatty acids (711.73 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) and sterols (288.56 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw). Minor amounts of long-chain aliphatic alcohols and other components were also detected. Ursolic acid (2265.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw), hexadecanoic acid (219.85 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) and <i>β</i>-sitosterol (202.74 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> dw) were the major lipophilic components verified. The results of this study also indicated that elderberry stalks might be used as a natural source of essential minerals, particularly calcium, iron and potassium, which are known to play important roles in various body functions. The analysis of the polar fraction also showed that elderberry stalks present TPC as high as elderberry themselves as well as considerable antioxidant activity (1.04 and 0.37 mmol TE g<sup>−1</sup> of extract, against respectively ABTS and DPPH radicals). These results highlight the potential of elderberry stalks as a natural source of high-value phytochemicals that may be explored in several fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/382<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.elderberry stalksbioactive compoundslipophilic compoundsursolic acidminerals |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Patinha Juliana V. Murteira Carina Pedrosa Costa Ângelo C. Salvador Sónia A. O. Santos Armando J. D. Silvestre Sílvia M. Rocha Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds Applied Sciences <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L. elderberry stalks bioactive compounds lipophilic compounds ursolic acid minerals |
| title | Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds |
| title_full | Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds |
| title_short | Elderberry Stalks as a Source of High-Value Phytochemical: Essential Minerals and Lipophilic Compounds |
| title_sort | elderberry stalks as a source of high value phytochemical essential minerals and lipophilic compounds |
| topic | <i>Sambucus nigra</i> L. elderberry stalks bioactive compounds lipophilic compounds ursolic acid minerals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/382 |
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