Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review
The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) have always posed significant medical challenges. After mechanical injury, disturbances in microcirculation, edema formation, and the generation of free radicals lead to additional damage, impeding effective repair processes a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023101228 |
| _version_ | 1797383947638800384 |
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| author | Jiawei Wang Feng Tian Lili Cao Ruochen Du Jiahui Tong Xueting Ding Yitong Yuan Chunfang Wang |
| author_facet | Jiawei Wang Feng Tian Lili Cao Ruochen Du Jiahui Tong Xueting Ding Yitong Yuan Chunfang Wang |
| author_sort | Jiawei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) have always posed significant medical challenges. After mechanical injury, disturbances in microcirculation, edema formation, and the generation of free radicals lead to additional damage, impeding effective repair processes and potentially exacerbating further dysfunction. In this context, inflammatory responses, especially the activation of macrophages, play a pivotal role. Different phenotypes of macrophages have distinct effects on inflammation. Activation of classical macrophage cells (M1) promotes inflammation, while activation of alternative macrophage cells (M2) inhibits inflammation. The polarization of macrophages is crucial for disease healing. A non-coding RNA, known as microRNA (miRNA), governs the polarization of macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation following SCI and facilitating functional recovery. This study elucidates the inflammatory response to SCI, focusing on the infiltration of immune cells, specifically macrophages. It examines their phenotype and provides an explanation of their polarization mechanisms. Finally, this paper introduces several well-known miRNAs that contribute to macrophage polarization following SCI, including miR-155, miR-130a, and miR-27 for M1 polarization, as well as miR-22, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-124, miR-223, miR-93, miR-132, and miR-34a for M2 polarization. The emphasis is placed on their potential therapeutic role in SCI by modulating macrophage polarization, as well as the present developments and obstacles of miRNA clinical therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:28:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9019878d74d54c579a1eb5b29804e1e6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:28:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-9019878d74d54c579a1eb5b29804e1e62023-12-21T07:35:08ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-12-01912e22914Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A reviewJiawei Wang0Feng Tian1Lili Cao2Ruochen Du3Jiahui Tong4Xueting Ding5Yitong Yuan6Chunfang Wang7School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaExperimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaExperimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, ChinaExperimental Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Corresponding author. 56 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Taiyuan, China; Corresponding author. 56 Xinjian South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) have always posed significant medical challenges. After mechanical injury, disturbances in microcirculation, edema formation, and the generation of free radicals lead to additional damage, impeding effective repair processes and potentially exacerbating further dysfunction. In this context, inflammatory responses, especially the activation of macrophages, play a pivotal role. Different phenotypes of macrophages have distinct effects on inflammation. Activation of classical macrophage cells (M1) promotes inflammation, while activation of alternative macrophage cells (M2) inhibits inflammation. The polarization of macrophages is crucial for disease healing. A non-coding RNA, known as microRNA (miRNA), governs the polarization of macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation following SCI and facilitating functional recovery. This study elucidates the inflammatory response to SCI, focusing on the infiltration of immune cells, specifically macrophages. It examines their phenotype and provides an explanation of their polarization mechanisms. Finally, this paper introduces several well-known miRNAs that contribute to macrophage polarization following SCI, including miR-155, miR-130a, and miR-27 for M1 polarization, as well as miR-22, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-124, miR-223, miR-93, miR-132, and miR-34a for M2 polarization. The emphasis is placed on their potential therapeutic role in SCI by modulating macrophage polarization, as well as the present developments and obstacles of miRNA clinical therapy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023101228Spinal cord injuryMicroRNAMacrophage |
| spellingShingle | Jiawei Wang Feng Tian Lili Cao Ruochen Du Jiahui Tong Xueting Ding Yitong Yuan Chunfang Wang Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review Heliyon Spinal cord injury MicroRNA Macrophage |
| title | Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review |
| title_full | Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review |
| title_fullStr | Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review |
| title_short | Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review |
| title_sort | macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of micrornas a review |
| topic | Spinal cord injury MicroRNA Macrophage |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023101228 |
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