Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements
Measuring apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), using galvanic contact resistivity (GCR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques, is frequently conducted to reveal spatial soil heterogeneity. Various studies have demonstrated the possibilities for significant changes in the measured qu...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Soil Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1137731/full |
| _version_ | 1797843791319662592 |
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| author | Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su Viacheslav I. Adamchuk |
| author_facet | Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su Viacheslav I. Adamchuk |
| author_sort | Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Measuring apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), using galvanic contact resistivity (GCR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques, is frequently conducted to reveal spatial soil heterogeneity. Various studies have demonstrated the possibilities for significant changes in the measured quantities over time with relatively stable spatial structure representations. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of temporal drift and operational noise for three popular ECa mapping instruments. They were placed in stationary positions approximately 8 m apart in an area with relatively low ECa. Temporal drift was assessed using a series of 4.5-h data logs recorded under different weather conditions (from extremely hot to near freezing temperatures). The two EMI instruments were also used to quantify the effect of minor changes in the height, pitch and roll of the sensor with respect to the ground. These operational noise tests were replicated over several days. Our results reveal the GCR measurements of ECa, along with perpendicular coplanar EMI measurements, have shown relatively strong stability over time. Each operational effect introduced measurement uncertainties comparable to the impact of a change in temperature and soil water content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:11:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9020a056a0dc4a33962193ddccbf8d37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-8619 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:11:40Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9020a056a0dc4a33962193ddccbf8d372023-04-20T05:55:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Soil Science2673-86192023-04-01310.3389/fsoil.2023.11377311137731Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurementsAhmad Suhaizi Mat Su0Viacheslav I. Adamchuk1Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaBioresource Engineering Department, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaMeasuring apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa), using galvanic contact resistivity (GCR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques, is frequently conducted to reveal spatial soil heterogeneity. Various studies have demonstrated the possibilities for significant changes in the measured quantities over time with relatively stable spatial structure representations. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of temporal drift and operational noise for three popular ECa mapping instruments. They were placed in stationary positions approximately 8 m apart in an area with relatively low ECa. Temporal drift was assessed using a series of 4.5-h data logs recorded under different weather conditions (from extremely hot to near freezing temperatures). The two EMI instruments were also used to quantify the effect of minor changes in the height, pitch and roll of the sensor with respect to the ground. These operational noise tests were replicated over several days. Our results reveal the GCR measurements of ECa, along with perpendicular coplanar EMI measurements, have shown relatively strong stability over time. Each operational effect introduced measurement uncertainties comparable to the impact of a change in temperature and soil water content.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1137731/fullelectromagnetic inductancegalvanic contact resistivityproximal soil sensingstabilityspatial soil heterogeneity |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su Viacheslav I. Adamchuk Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements Frontiers in Soil Science electromagnetic inductance galvanic contact resistivity proximal soil sensing stability spatial soil heterogeneity |
| title | Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| title_full | Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| title_fullStr | Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| title_short | Temporal and operation-induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| title_sort | temporal and operation induced instability of apparent soil electrical conductivity measurements |
| topic | electromagnetic inductance galvanic contact resistivity proximal soil sensing stability spatial soil heterogeneity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2023.1137731/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmadsuhaizimatsu temporalandoperationinducedinstabilityofapparentsoilelectricalconductivitymeasurements AT viacheslaviadamchuk temporalandoperationinducedinstabilityofapparentsoilelectricalconductivitymeasurements |