Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care
BackgroundThe Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a reliable and valid tool that is widely used for diabetes-distress screening, but the Arabic version of the scale lacks validity and reliability analysis in primary healthcare (PHC) patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychometric proper...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.843164/full |
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| author | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Samar Farag Mohamed Sally Fawzy Elotla Mona Mostafa Jaffer Shah Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad |
| author_facet | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Samar Farag Mohamed Sally Fawzy Elotla Mona Mostafa Jaffer Shah Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad |
| author_sort | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a reliable and valid tool that is widely used for diabetes-distress screening, but the Arabic version of the scale lacks validity and reliability analysis in primary healthcare (PHC) patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PAID (AR-PAID) scale among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in PHC settings.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 200 patients from six rural PHC settings in the Ismailia governorate. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the goodness-of-fit to the predefined models of the PAID. Convergent construct was evaluated through correlations with the Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), additionally glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Discriminant validity was evaluated through associations with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC).ResultsThe CFA demonstrated the best fit for a four-factor model. The AR-PAID was significantly correlated with the following measures: PHQ-9 (rho = 0.71, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (rho = 0.50, p < 0.001), WHO-5 (rho = −0.69, p < 0.001), and HbA1c (rho = 0.36, p < 0.001), supporting sound convergent validity. Discriminant validity was satisfactory demonstrated. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability was stable (ICC = 0.97).ConclusionsThe AR-PAID scale is a valid and reliable instrument for diabetes-distress screening in primary care patients with T2DM that can be used in clinical settings and research. Further research is needed to validate short forms of the AR-PAID scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:23:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90292d3c1e064171a0d45709a4798e39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:23:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-90292d3c1e064171a0d45709a4798e392022-12-22T02:50:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-02-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.843164843164Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary CareHazem A. Sayed Ahmed0Samar Farag Mohamed1Sally Fawzy Elotla2Mona Mostafa3Jaffer Shah4Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad5Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptMedical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, AfghanistanDepartment of Public Health, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptBackgroundThe Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale is a reliable and valid tool that is widely used for diabetes-distress screening, but the Arabic version of the scale lacks validity and reliability analysis in primary healthcare (PHC) patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the PAID (AR-PAID) scale among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in PHC settings.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a convenience sample of 200 patients from six rural PHC settings in the Ismailia governorate. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the goodness-of-fit to the predefined models of the PAID. Convergent construct was evaluated through correlations with the Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), additionally glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Discriminant validity was evaluated through associations with patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability analysis (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC).ResultsThe CFA demonstrated the best fit for a four-factor model. The AR-PAID was significantly correlated with the following measures: PHQ-9 (rho = 0.71, p < 0.001), GAD-7 (rho = 0.50, p < 0.001), WHO-5 (rho = −0.69, p < 0.001), and HbA1c (rho = 0.36, p < 0.001), supporting sound convergent validity. Discriminant validity was satisfactory demonstrated. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability was stable (ICC = 0.97).ConclusionsThe AR-PAID scale is a valid and reliable instrument for diabetes-distress screening in primary care patients with T2DM that can be used in clinical settings and research. Further research is needed to validate short forms of the AR-PAID scale.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.843164/fulldiabetes-distressPAIDprimary healthcaretype 2 diabetesArabic |
| spellingShingle | Hazem A. Sayed Ahmed Samar Farag Mohamed Sally Fawzy Elotla Mona Mostafa Jaffer Shah Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care Frontiers in Public Health diabetes-distress PAID primary healthcare type 2 diabetes Arabic |
| title | Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care |
| title_full | Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care |
| title_fullStr | Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care |
| title_short | Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale in Primary Care |
| title_sort | psychometric properties of the arabic version of the problem areas in diabetes scale in primary care |
| topic | diabetes-distress PAID primary healthcare type 2 diabetes Arabic |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.843164/full |
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