Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>
<i>Bacillus</i> volatiles to control plant nematodes is a topic of great interest among researchers due to its safe and environmentally friendly nature. <i>Bacillus</i> strain GBSC56 isolated from the Tibet region of China showed high nematicidal activity against <i>M....
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/5049 |
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| author | Muhammad Ayaz Qurban Ali Ayaz Farzand Abdur Rashid Khan Hongli Ling Xuewen Gao |
| author_facet | Muhammad Ayaz Qurban Ali Ayaz Farzand Abdur Rashid Khan Hongli Ling Xuewen Gao |
| author_sort | Muhammad Ayaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Bacillus</i> volatiles to control plant nematodes is a topic of great interest among researchers due to its safe and environmentally friendly nature. <i>Bacillus</i> strain GBSC56 isolated from the Tibet region of China showed high nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i>, with 90% mortality as compared with control in a partition plate experiment. Pure volatiles produced by GBSC56 were identified through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 3 volatiles, i.e., dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl isovalerate (MIV), and 2-undecanone (2-UD) showed strong nematicidal activity with a mortality rate of 87%, 83%, and 80%, respectively, against <i>M. incognita</i>. The VOCs induced severe oxidative stress in nematodes, which caused rapid death. Moreover, in the presence of volatiles, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD, CAT, POD, and APX, was observed to be enhanced in <i>M. incognita</i>-infested roots, which might reduce the adverse effect of oxidative stress-induced after infection. Moreover, genes responsible for plant growth promotion <i>SlCKX1</i>, <i>SlIAA1</i>, and <i>Exp18</i> showed an upsurge in expression, while <i>AC01</i> was downregulated in infested plants. Furthermore, the defense-related genes (<i>PR1</i>, <i>PR5</i>, and <i>SlLOX1</i>) in infested tomato plants were upregulated after treatment with MIV and 2-UD. These findings suggest that GBSC56 possesses excellent biocontrol potential against <i>M. incognita</i>. Furthermore, the study provides new insight into the mechanism by which GBSC56 nematicidal volatiles regulate antioxidant enzymes, the key genes involved in plant growth promotion, and the defense mechanism <i>M. incognita</i>-infested tomato plants use to efficiently manage root-knot disease. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-903e5113acef407b94fb91fd8dd811e82023-11-21T19:02:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01229504910.3390/ijms22095049Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>Muhammad Ayaz0Qurban Ali1Ayaz Farzand2Abdur Rashid Khan3Hongli Ling4Xuewen Gao5Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad P.O. Box 38040, PakistanKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaShandong Vland Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Binzhou 251700, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China<i>Bacillus</i> volatiles to control plant nematodes is a topic of great interest among researchers due to its safe and environmentally friendly nature. <i>Bacillus</i> strain GBSC56 isolated from the Tibet region of China showed high nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i>, with 90% mortality as compared with control in a partition plate experiment. Pure volatiles produced by GBSC56 were identified through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 3 volatiles, i.e., dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), methyl isovalerate (MIV), and 2-undecanone (2-UD) showed strong nematicidal activity with a mortality rate of 87%, 83%, and 80%, respectively, against <i>M. incognita</i>. The VOCs induced severe oxidative stress in nematodes, which caused rapid death. Moreover, in the presence of volatiles, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD, CAT, POD, and APX, was observed to be enhanced in <i>M. incognita</i>-infested roots, which might reduce the adverse effect of oxidative stress-induced after infection. Moreover, genes responsible for plant growth promotion <i>SlCKX1</i>, <i>SlIAA1</i>, and <i>Exp18</i> showed an upsurge in expression, while <i>AC01</i> was downregulated in infested plants. Furthermore, the defense-related genes (<i>PR1</i>, <i>PR5</i>, and <i>SlLOX1</i>) in infested tomato plants were upregulated after treatment with MIV and 2-UD. These findings suggest that GBSC56 possesses excellent biocontrol potential against <i>M. incognita</i>. Furthermore, the study provides new insight into the mechanism by which GBSC56 nematicidal volatiles regulate antioxidant enzymes, the key genes involved in plant growth promotion, and the defense mechanism <i>M. incognita</i>-infested tomato plants use to efficiently manage root-knot disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/5049GC-MS analysisbiocontrolmethyl isovalerate2-undecanonemortalitynematicidal volatiles |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Ayaz Qurban Ali Ayaz Farzand Abdur Rashid Khan Hongli Ling Xuewen Gao Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences GC-MS analysis biocontrol methyl isovalerate 2-undecanone mortality nematicidal volatiles |
| title | Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> |
| title_full | Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> |
| title_fullStr | Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> |
| title_short | Nematicidal Volatiles from <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> GBSC56 Promote Growth and Stimulate Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> |
| title_sort | nematicidal volatiles from i bacillus atrophaeus i gbsc56 promote growth and stimulate induced systemic resistance in tomato against i meloidogyne incognita i |
| topic | GC-MS analysis biocontrol methyl isovalerate 2-undecanone mortality nematicidal volatiles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/5049 |
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