Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection
Human sweat is intricately linked to human health, and unraveling its secrets necessitates a substantial volume of experimental data. However, conventional sensors fabricated via complex processes such as photolithography offer high detection precision at the expense of prohibitive costs. In this st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1497 |
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| author | Mingpeng Yang Nan Sun Xiaochen Lai Yanjie Li Xingqiang Zhao Jiamin Wu Wangping Zhou |
| author_facet | Mingpeng Yang Nan Sun Xiaochen Lai Yanjie Li Xingqiang Zhao Jiamin Wu Wangping Zhou |
| author_sort | Mingpeng Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human sweat is intricately linked to human health, and unraveling its secrets necessitates a substantial volume of experimental data. However, conventional sensors fabricated via complex processes such as photolithography offer high detection precision at the expense of prohibitive costs. In this study, we presented a cost-effective and high-performance wearable flexible sweat sensor for real-time monitoring of K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations in human sweat, fabricated using screen printing technology. Initially, we evaluated the electrical and electrochemical stability of the screen-printed substrate electrodes, which demonstrated good consistency with a variation within 10% of the relative standard deviation (RSD), meeting the requirements for reliable detection of K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> in human sweat. Subsequently, we employed an “ion-electron” transduction layer and an ion-selective membrane to construct the sensors for detecting K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>. Comprehensive tests were conducted to assess the sensors’ sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, resistance to interference, and mechanical deformation capabilities. Furthermore, we evaluated their long-term stability during continuous monitoring and storage. The test results confirmed that the sensor’s performance indicators, as mentioned above, met the requirements for analyzing human sweat. In a 10-day continuous and regular monitoring experiment involving volunteers wearing the sensors, a wealth of data revealed a close relationship between K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations in human sweat and hydration status. Notably, we observed that consistent and regular physical exercise effectively enhanced the body’s resistance to dehydration. These findings provided a solid foundation for conducting extensive experiments and further exploring the intricate relationship between human sweat and overall health. Our research paved a practical and feasible path for future studies in this domain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90468fc103df4b88802c4be13df84907 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-90468fc103df4b88802c4be13df849072023-11-19T02:12:28ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-07-01148149710.3390/mi14081497Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion DetectionMingpeng Yang0Nan Sun1Xiaochen Lai2Yanjie Li3Xingqiang Zhao4Jiamin Wu5Wangping Zhou6School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaNanjing NARI Information and Communication Technology, Co., Ltd., 19 Chengxin Road, Nanjing 211106, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaHuman sweat is intricately linked to human health, and unraveling its secrets necessitates a substantial volume of experimental data. However, conventional sensors fabricated via complex processes such as photolithography offer high detection precision at the expense of prohibitive costs. In this study, we presented a cost-effective and high-performance wearable flexible sweat sensor for real-time monitoring of K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations in human sweat, fabricated using screen printing technology. Initially, we evaluated the electrical and electrochemical stability of the screen-printed substrate electrodes, which demonstrated good consistency with a variation within 10% of the relative standard deviation (RSD), meeting the requirements for reliable detection of K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> in human sweat. Subsequently, we employed an “ion-electron” transduction layer and an ion-selective membrane to construct the sensors for detecting K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup>. Comprehensive tests were conducted to assess the sensors’ sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, resistance to interference, and mechanical deformation capabilities. Furthermore, we evaluated their long-term stability during continuous monitoring and storage. The test results confirmed that the sensor’s performance indicators, as mentioned above, met the requirements for analyzing human sweat. In a 10-day continuous and regular monitoring experiment involving volunteers wearing the sensors, a wealth of data revealed a close relationship between K<sup>+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> concentrations in human sweat and hydration status. Notably, we observed that consistent and regular physical exercise effectively enhanced the body’s resistance to dehydration. These findings provided a solid foundation for conducting extensive experiments and further exploring the intricate relationship between human sweat and overall health. Our research paved a practical and feasible path for future studies in this domain.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1497wearable sweat sensorscreen-printing technologyhydration statuspotassium ion detectionsodium ion detection |
| spellingShingle | Mingpeng Yang Nan Sun Xiaochen Lai Yanjie Li Xingqiang Zhao Jiamin Wu Wangping Zhou Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection Micromachines wearable sweat sensor screen-printing technology hydration status potassium ion detection sodium ion detection |
| title | Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection |
| title_full | Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection |
| title_fullStr | Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection |
| title_short | Screen-Printed Wearable Sweat Sensor for Cost-Effective Assessment of Human Hydration Status through Potassium and Sodium Ion Detection |
| title_sort | screen printed wearable sweat sensor for cost effective assessment of human hydration status through potassium and sodium ion detection |
| topic | wearable sweat sensor screen-printing technology hydration status potassium ion detection sodium ion detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1497 |
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