Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance
Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile and widespread, particularly as flexible and rigid foams. To avoid isocyanates and other toxic reagents required for synthesis, such as phosgene, alternative synthetic routes have been utilized to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). A thermally and flame-r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5019 |
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| author | Dallin L. Smith Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez Sidney M. Cotton Yufeng Quan Qingsheng Wang Jaime C. Grunlan |
| author_facet | Dallin L. Smith Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez Sidney M. Cotton Yufeng Quan Qingsheng Wang Jaime C. Grunlan |
| author_sort | Dallin L. Smith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile and widespread, particularly as flexible and rigid foams. To avoid isocyanates and other toxic reagents required for synthesis, such as phosgene, alternative synthetic routes have been utilized to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). A thermally and flame-resistant rigid NIPU was produced from environmentally benign and bio-sourced ingredients, requiring no catalyst or solvents. A foamed structure was obtained by the addition of glutaraldehyde and four different carboxylic acids: malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid. The resulting morphology, thermal degradation, and flame resistance of each foam were compared. The properties vary with each carboxylic acid used, but in each case, peak thermal degradation and peak heat release are postponed by >100 °C compared to commercial rigid PU foam. Furthermore, in a butane torch test, NIPU foams exhibit an 80% higher remaining mass and a 75% reduction in afterburn time, compared to commercial polyurethane. This bio-based polyurethane eliminates the hazards of traditional PUs, while imparting inherent thermal stability and flame resistance uncharacteristic of conventional foams. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-904c09e2ac2d47279d42dfb7a9badaae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-904c09e2ac2d47279d42dfb7a9badaae2023-11-24T09:44:49ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-11-011422501910.3390/polym14225019Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire ResistanceDallin L. Smith0Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez1Sidney M. Cotton2Yufeng Quan3Qingsheng Wang4Jaime C. Grunlan5Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAPolyurethanes (PUs) are versatile and widespread, particularly as flexible and rigid foams. To avoid isocyanates and other toxic reagents required for synthesis, such as phosgene, alternative synthetic routes have been utilized to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). A thermally and flame-resistant rigid NIPU was produced from environmentally benign and bio-sourced ingredients, requiring no catalyst or solvents. A foamed structure was obtained by the addition of glutaraldehyde and four different carboxylic acids: malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid. The resulting morphology, thermal degradation, and flame resistance of each foam were compared. The properties vary with each carboxylic acid used, but in each case, peak thermal degradation and peak heat release are postponed by >100 °C compared to commercial rigid PU foam. Furthermore, in a butane torch test, NIPU foams exhibit an 80% higher remaining mass and a 75% reduction in afterburn time, compared to commercial polyurethane. This bio-based polyurethane eliminates the hazards of traditional PUs, while imparting inherent thermal stability and flame resistance uncharacteristic of conventional foams.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5019rigid foamnon-isocyanate polyurethanetannic acidchitosan |
| spellingShingle | Dallin L. Smith Danixa Rodriguez-Melendez Sidney M. Cotton Yufeng Quan Qingsheng Wang Jaime C. Grunlan Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance Polymers rigid foam non-isocyanate polyurethane tannic acid chitosan |
| title | Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance |
| title_full | Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance |
| title_short | Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Bio-Foam with Inherent Heat and Fire Resistance |
| title_sort | non isocyanate polyurethane bio foam with inherent heat and fire resistance |
| topic | rigid foam non-isocyanate polyurethane tannic acid chitosan |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/22/5019 |
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