Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters
The chemical composition, in vitro total gas and CH<sub>4</sub> production and performance of cattle fed on factory black tea waste (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) (BTW), alfalfa (<i>Medicago Sativa</i>), sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis sativa</i>) and white clover...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/6/731 |
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| author | Gurkan Sezmis Adem Kaya Hatice Kaya Muhlis Macit Kadir Erten Valiollah Palangi Maximilian Lackner |
| author_facet | Gurkan Sezmis Adem Kaya Hatice Kaya Muhlis Macit Kadir Erten Valiollah Palangi Maximilian Lackner |
| author_sort | Gurkan Sezmis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The chemical composition, in vitro total gas and CH<sub>4</sub> production and performance of cattle fed on factory black tea waste (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) (BTW), alfalfa (<i>Medicago Sativa</i>), sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis sativa</i>) and white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i>) was investigated. The gas production was quantified at the 24th hour of the incubation process. BTW was found to vary from roughages in chemical composition (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the roughages differed in terms of nutrient composition and gas production (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In legume roughages, acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values ranged from 52.36–57.00 mmol/L, 13.46–17.20 mmol/L, 9.79–12.43 mmol/L, and 79.71–89.05 mmol/L, respectively. In comparison with black tea waste, legume roughages had higher values of AA, PA, BA, and TVFA. Black tea waste contained a higher acetic acid ratio than legume roughages when compared as a percentage. There was a similar ratio of propionic acid to the rate calculated for sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis sativa</i>) and clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i>), and a similar ratio of butyric acid to the ratio determined for alfalfa (<i>Medicago Sativa</i>). The current study shows that the 5.7–6.3% tannin content of black tea waste can be used in ruminant rations with high-quality roughages. Due to the fact that BTW reduces methane emissions from ruminants and eliminates energy waste from them, the environment can be improved. To obtain more reliable results, further animal feeding experiments on legume roughages and BTW are required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:10:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-905127c6d90543a0b7329eb06d6f7698 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:10:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-905127c6d90543a0b7329eb06d6f76982023-11-18T11:34:55ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-06-0113673110.3390/metabo13060731Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation ParametersGurkan Sezmis0Adem Kaya1Hatice Kaya2Muhlis Macit3Kadir Erten4Valiollah Palangi5Maximilian Lackner6Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200 Yozgat, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, TürkiyeDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, TürkiyeDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, AustriaThe chemical composition, in vitro total gas and CH<sub>4</sub> production and performance of cattle fed on factory black tea waste (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>) (BTW), alfalfa (<i>Medicago Sativa</i>), sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis sativa</i>) and white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i>) was investigated. The gas production was quantified at the 24th hour of the incubation process. BTW was found to vary from roughages in chemical composition (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, the roughages differed in terms of nutrient composition and gas production (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In legume roughages, acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) values ranged from 52.36–57.00 mmol/L, 13.46–17.20 mmol/L, 9.79–12.43 mmol/L, and 79.71–89.05 mmol/L, respectively. In comparison with black tea waste, legume roughages had higher values of AA, PA, BA, and TVFA. Black tea waste contained a higher acetic acid ratio than legume roughages when compared as a percentage. There was a similar ratio of propionic acid to the rate calculated for sainfoin (<i>Onobrychis sativa</i>) and clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i>), and a similar ratio of butyric acid to the ratio determined for alfalfa (<i>Medicago Sativa</i>). The current study shows that the 5.7–6.3% tannin content of black tea waste can be used in ruminant rations with high-quality roughages. Due to the fact that BTW reduces methane emissions from ruminants and eliminates energy waste from them, the environment can be improved. To obtain more reliable results, further animal feeding experiments on legume roughages and BTW are required.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/6/731black tea wastein vitro gas productionlegume roughagesmethane emission |
| spellingShingle | Gurkan Sezmis Adem Kaya Hatice Kaya Muhlis Macit Kadir Erten Valiollah Palangi Maximilian Lackner Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters Metabolites black tea waste in vitro gas production legume roughages methane emission |
| title | Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters |
| title_full | Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters |
| title_short | Comparison of Black Tea Waste and Legume Roughages: Methane Mitigation and Rumen Fermentation Parameters |
| title_sort | comparison of black tea waste and legume roughages methane mitigation and rumen fermentation parameters |
| topic | black tea waste in vitro gas production legume roughages methane emission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/6/731 |
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