Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results
One of the major problems in book conservation is the long-term deconstructive effect of acidity introduced into the paper by several additives, which, in the presence of humidity, generates a hydrogen cation with a strong catalytic role in cellulose depolymerization. Many types of treatment have be...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4249 |
| _version_ | 1797526509839187968 |
|---|---|
| author | Giuseppe Chidichimo Alessandra Crispini Antonio Tursi Maria Rita Basile Ilaria Lania Giovanni De Filpo Cesare Oliviero Rossi Francesca Scarpelli |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Chidichimo Alessandra Crispini Antonio Tursi Maria Rita Basile Ilaria Lania Giovanni De Filpo Cesare Oliviero Rossi Francesca Scarpelli |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Chidichimo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the major problems in book conservation is the long-term deconstructive effect of acidity introduced into the paper by several additives, which, in the presence of humidity, generates a hydrogen cation with a strong catalytic role in cellulose depolymerization. Many types of treatment have been used in the past, but up to now, research for less-invasive, fast and cheap methods is still vividly ongoing. In this study, an approach to book deacidification is presented, where alkaline water solutions are administered to bound books in the form of micrometer-sized aerosol droplets, without using vacuum apparatus accessories. Alkaline clouds treatments were alternated with gentle air fluxes of drying steps. Few cycles are required to achieve uniform deacidification of books. The treatment could be conducted with proper apparatus on large volumes, resulting in rapid treatment time and low cost. The titration curve reporting the variation of book pH, with respect to the amount of absorbed alkaline aerosol, was built and interpreted in terms of a chemical model for the neutralization process. FTIR, PXRD and XRF spectroscopies were used to characterize the book chemistry. The effects of the treatment on the book were evaluated by measuring the degree of polymerization (DP) of the paper and the colorimetric coordinates of the paper and ink. Artificial aging tests revealed a general increase in the aging stability of the deacidified paper samples with respect to the untreated samples. Finally, the alkaline reserve data are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-905e4c9c006c47e68d66ffb24caa16ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-905e4c9c006c47e68d66ffb24caa16ff2023-11-22T04:30:50ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-012614424910.3390/molecules26144249Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of ResultsGiuseppe Chidichimo0Alessandra Crispini1Antonio Tursi2Maria Rita Basile3Ilaria Lania4Giovanni De Filpo5Cesare Oliviero Rossi6Francesca Scarpelli7Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyOne of the major problems in book conservation is the long-term deconstructive effect of acidity introduced into the paper by several additives, which, in the presence of humidity, generates a hydrogen cation with a strong catalytic role in cellulose depolymerization. Many types of treatment have been used in the past, but up to now, research for less-invasive, fast and cheap methods is still vividly ongoing. In this study, an approach to book deacidification is presented, where alkaline water solutions are administered to bound books in the form of micrometer-sized aerosol droplets, without using vacuum apparatus accessories. Alkaline clouds treatments were alternated with gentle air fluxes of drying steps. Few cycles are required to achieve uniform deacidification of books. The treatment could be conducted with proper apparatus on large volumes, resulting in rapid treatment time and low cost. The titration curve reporting the variation of book pH, with respect to the amount of absorbed alkaline aerosol, was built and interpreted in terms of a chemical model for the neutralization process. FTIR, PXRD and XRF spectroscopies were used to characterize the book chemistry. The effects of the treatment on the book were evaluated by measuring the degree of polymerization (DP) of the paper and the colorimetric coordinates of the paper and ink. Artificial aging tests revealed a general increase in the aging stability of the deacidified paper samples with respect to the untreated samples. Finally, the alkaline reserve data are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4249paper deacidificationpHX-ray fluorescenceFTIR spectroscopyPXRDalkaline reserve |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Chidichimo Alessandra Crispini Antonio Tursi Maria Rita Basile Ilaria Lania Giovanni De Filpo Cesare Oliviero Rossi Francesca Scarpelli Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results Molecules paper deacidification pH X-ray fluorescence FTIR spectroscopy PXRD alkaline reserve |
| title | Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results |
| title_full | Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results |
| title_fullStr | Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results |
| title_short | Water-Based Aerosol for Book Deacidification: Experimental Apparatus and Theoretical Interpretation of Results |
| title_sort | water based aerosol for book deacidification experimental apparatus and theoretical interpretation of results |
| topic | paper deacidification pH X-ray fluorescence FTIR spectroscopy PXRD alkaline reserve |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4249 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT giuseppechidichimo waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT alessandracrispini waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT antoniotursi waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT mariaritabasile waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT ilarialania waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT giovannidefilpo waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT cesareolivierorossi waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults AT francescascarpelli waterbasedaerosolforbookdeacidificationexperimentalapparatusandtheoreticalinterpretationofresults |