| Summary: | Treating and utilizing vegetable residues may reduce waste and improve rhizosphere soil. This study explored the effects of tomato plant residue compost and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the physicochemical properties and microbial community of ginger field soil. Four treatment procedures were adopted: no compost or PGPR (CK), compost (TC), compost + <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (TC-BS), and compost +<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> SQR9 (TC-BA). The results showed that compared with the CK, TC significantly increased soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 17.34%, 21.66%, 19.56%, and 37.20%, respectively. Soil urease activity, neutral phosphatase activity, and sucrase activity increased by 55.89%, 35.59%, and 57.21%, respectively. <i>Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i> abundances increased by 1.40%, 1.80%, and 0.68%, respectively, while <i>Firmicutes</i> decreased by 0.80%. TC-BS significantly improved soil bacterial diversity than CK and TC, and relative abundance of Beneficial <i>Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i> microorganisms dominated. Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in bacterial community structure among different treatments. Redundancy analysis indicated total potassium (<i>p</i> = 0.002), pH (<i>p</i> = 0.0012), and available phosphorus (<i>p</i> = 0.016) as the main community composition driving factors. In conclusion, <i>B. subtilis</i> inoculation in ginger field soil supplemented with tomato compost enhanced bacterial diversity, altered bacterial community structure, enriched beneficial microorganisms, and promoted a healthy rhizosphere.
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