Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests
In additive manufacturing (AM), one of the most popular procedures is material extrusion (MEX). The materials and manufacturing parameters used in this process have a significant impact on a printed product’s quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of infill percentage and fi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/8/2/55 |
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| author | Mariana P. Salgueiro Fábio A. M. Pereira Carlos L. Faria Eduardo B. Pereira João A. P. P. Almeida Teresa D. Campos Chaari Fakher Andrea Zille Quyền Nguyễn Nuno Dourado |
| author_facet | Mariana P. Salgueiro Fábio A. M. Pereira Carlos L. Faria Eduardo B. Pereira João A. P. P. Almeida Teresa D. Campos Chaari Fakher Andrea Zille Quyền Nguyễn Nuno Dourado |
| author_sort | Mariana P. Salgueiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In additive manufacturing (AM), one of the most popular procedures is material extrusion (MEX). The materials and manufacturing parameters used in this process have a significant impact on a printed product’s quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of infill percentage and filament orientation on the mechanical properties of printed structures. For this reason, the characterisation of polylactic acid (PLA) was done numerically using the finite element method and experimentally through mechanical tests. The experiments involved three-point bending and tensile tests. The results showed that mechanical performance is highly dependent on these processing parameters mainly when the infill percentage is less than 100%. The highest elastic modulus was exhibited for structures with filament align at 0° and 100% infill, while the lowest one was verified for specimen filament aligned at 0° and 30% infill. The results demonstrated that the process parameters have a significant impact on mechanical performance, particularly when the infill percentage is less than 100%. Structures with filament aligned at 0° and 100% infill showed the maximum elastic modulus, whereas specimens with filament oriented at 0° and 30% infill showed the lowest. The obtained numerical agreement indicated that an inverse method based only on the load–displacement curve can yield an accurate value for this material’s elastic modulus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:26:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9064c872f57740cda5ab6df93539c276 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:26:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-9064c872f57740cda5ab6df93539c2762024-02-23T15:22:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2024-02-01825510.3390/jcs8020055Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile TestsMariana P. Salgueiro0Fábio A. M. Pereira1Carlos L. Faria2Eduardo B. Pereira3João A. P. P. Almeida4Teresa D. Campos5Chaari Fakher6Andrea Zille7Quyền Nguyễn8Nuno Dourado9CMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCITAB/UTAD, Departamento de Engenharias, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, PortugalCMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalISISE, IB-S, School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalISISE, IB-S, School of Engineering, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalMechanics, Modelling and Production Research Laboratory (LA2MP), National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3047, Tunisia2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal2C2T-Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Têxtil, Universidade do Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalCMEMS-UMinho, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, PortugalIn additive manufacturing (AM), one of the most popular procedures is material extrusion (MEX). The materials and manufacturing parameters used in this process have a significant impact on a printed product’s quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of infill percentage and filament orientation on the mechanical properties of printed structures. For this reason, the characterisation of polylactic acid (PLA) was done numerically using the finite element method and experimentally through mechanical tests. The experiments involved three-point bending and tensile tests. The results showed that mechanical performance is highly dependent on these processing parameters mainly when the infill percentage is less than 100%. The highest elastic modulus was exhibited for structures with filament align at 0° and 100% infill, while the lowest one was verified for specimen filament aligned at 0° and 30% infill. The results demonstrated that the process parameters have a significant impact on mechanical performance, particularly when the infill percentage is less than 100%. Structures with filament aligned at 0° and 100% infill showed the maximum elastic modulus, whereas specimens with filament oriented at 0° and 30% infill showed the lowest. The obtained numerical agreement indicated that an inverse method based only on the load–displacement curve can yield an accurate value for this material’s elastic modulus.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/8/2/55elastic modulusexperimental characterisationfinite element methodmaterial extrusion |
| spellingShingle | Mariana P. Salgueiro Fábio A. M. Pereira Carlos L. Faria Eduardo B. Pereira João A. P. P. Almeida Teresa D. Campos Chaari Fakher Andrea Zille Quyền Nguyễn Nuno Dourado Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests Journal of Composites Science elastic modulus experimental characterisation finite element method material extrusion |
| title | Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests |
| title_full | Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests |
| title_fullStr | Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests |
| title_short | Numerical and Experimental Characterisation of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Processed by Additive Manufacturing (AM): Bending and Tensile Tests |
| title_sort | numerical and experimental characterisation of polylactic acid pla processed by additive manufacturing am bending and tensile tests |
| topic | elastic modulus experimental characterisation finite element method material extrusion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/8/2/55 |
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