Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images
The photon counting detector (PCD) in computed tomography (CT) can count the number of incoming photons in order to obtain energy information for photons corresponding to user-defined thresholds. Research on the extraction of effective atomic number (EAN) and relative electron density (RED) using du...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9220 |
| _version_ | 1827642492010364928 |
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| author | Kihong Son Daehong Kim Sooyeul Lee |
| author_facet | Kihong Son Daehong Kim Sooyeul Lee |
| author_sort | Kihong Son |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The photon counting detector (PCD) in computed tomography (CT) can count the number of incoming photons in order to obtain energy information for photons corresponding to user-defined thresholds. Research on the extraction of effective atomic number (EAN) and relative electron density (RED) using dual-energy CT (DECT) is currently underway. This study proposes a method for improving EAN and RED accuracy of tissue-equivalent materials by using PCD-CT-based stoichiometric calibration. After obtaining DECT images in energy bin (EB) and full spectrum (FS) modes for eight tissue-equivalent materials, the EAN was calculated with stoichiometric calibration. Using the EAN image, the RED image was acquired to evaluate the accuracy. The errors of both EAN and RED obtained with EB were within 4%. In particular, the accuracy of RED was higher than that of the FS method. Study results indicate that PCD-CT contributes to improving EAN and RED accuracy. Further studies will be aimed at reducing ring artifacts by pixel-correcting PCD images and improving stopping power ratio (SPR) measurements for dose calculation in particle therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:33:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90698b57116641a78aaef1fa0df12fe1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:33:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-90698b57116641a78aaef1fa0df12fe12023-11-24T12:10:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012223922010.3390/s22239220Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT ImagesKihong Son0Daehong Kim1Sooyeul Lee2Medical Information Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiological Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of KoreaMedical Information Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 34129, Republic of KoreaThe photon counting detector (PCD) in computed tomography (CT) can count the number of incoming photons in order to obtain energy information for photons corresponding to user-defined thresholds. Research on the extraction of effective atomic number (EAN) and relative electron density (RED) using dual-energy CT (DECT) is currently underway. This study proposes a method for improving EAN and RED accuracy of tissue-equivalent materials by using PCD-CT-based stoichiometric calibration. After obtaining DECT images in energy bin (EB) and full spectrum (FS) modes for eight tissue-equivalent materials, the EAN was calculated with stoichiometric calibration. Using the EAN image, the RED image was acquired to evaluate the accuracy. The errors of both EAN and RED obtained with EB were within 4%. In particular, the accuracy of RED was higher than that of the FS method. Study results indicate that PCD-CT contributes to improving EAN and RED accuracy. Further studies will be aimed at reducing ring artifacts by pixel-correcting PCD images and improving stopping power ratio (SPR) measurements for dose calculation in particle therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9220PCD-CTdual-energyEANREDstoichiometric calibration |
| spellingShingle | Kihong Son Daehong Kim Sooyeul Lee Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images Sensors PCD-CT dual-energy EAN RED stoichiometric calibration |
| title | Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images |
| title_full | Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images |
| title_fullStr | Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images |
| title_short | Improving the Accuracy of the Effective Atomic Number (EAN) and Relative Electron Density (RED) with Stoichiometric Calibration on PCD-CT Images |
| title_sort | improving the accuracy of the effective atomic number ean and relative electron density red with stoichiometric calibration on pcd ct images |
| topic | PCD-CT dual-energy EAN RED stoichiometric calibration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/23/9220 |
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