The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine
Methionine is an amino acid long thought to be essential, but only in the case of protein synthesis initiation. In more recent years, methionine has been found to play an important role in antioxidant defense, stability, and modulation of cell and protein activity. Though these findings have expande...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3679 |
| _version_ | 1797484074151968768 |
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| author | Ronald J. Savino Bartosz Kempisty Paul Mozdziak |
| author_facet | Ronald J. Savino Bartosz Kempisty Paul Mozdziak |
| author_sort | Ronald J. Savino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Methionine is an amino acid long thought to be essential, but only in the case of protein synthesis initiation. In more recent years, methionine has been found to play an important role in antioxidant defense, stability, and modulation of cell and protein activity. Though these findings have expanded the previously held sentiment of methionine having a singular purpose within cells and proteins, the essential nature of methionine can still be challenged. Many of the features that give methionine its newfound functions are shared by the other sulfur-containing amino acid: cysteine. While the antioxidant, stabilizing, and cell/protein modulatory functions of cysteine have already been well established, recent findings have shown a similar hydrophobicity to methionine which suggests cysteine may be able to replace methionine in all functions outside of protein synthesis initiation with little effect on cell and protein function. Furthermore, a number of novel mechanisms for alternative initiation of protein synthesis have been identified that suggest a potential to bypass the traditional methionine-dependent initiation during times of stress. In this review, these findings are discussed with a number of examples that demonstrate a potential model for synthesizing a protein in the absence of methionine. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-906e3f2108e0485c9bbc719242e73325 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-906e3f2108e0485c9bbc719242e733252023-11-23T18:09:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-06-012712367910.3390/molecules27123679The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of MethionineRonald J. Savino0Bartosz Kempisty1Paul Mozdziak2Prestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAPrestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAPrestige Department of Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAMethionine is an amino acid long thought to be essential, but only in the case of protein synthesis initiation. In more recent years, methionine has been found to play an important role in antioxidant defense, stability, and modulation of cell and protein activity. Though these findings have expanded the previously held sentiment of methionine having a singular purpose within cells and proteins, the essential nature of methionine can still be challenged. Many of the features that give methionine its newfound functions are shared by the other sulfur-containing amino acid: cysteine. While the antioxidant, stabilizing, and cell/protein modulatory functions of cysteine have already been well established, recent findings have shown a similar hydrophobicity to methionine which suggests cysteine may be able to replace methionine in all functions outside of protein synthesis initiation with little effect on cell and protein function. Furthermore, a number of novel mechanisms for alternative initiation of protein synthesis have been identified that suggest a potential to bypass the traditional methionine-dependent initiation during times of stress. In this review, these findings are discussed with a number of examples that demonstrate a potential model for synthesizing a protein in the absence of methionine.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3679methioninecysteineantioxidantproteincellstability |
| spellingShingle | Ronald J. Savino Bartosz Kempisty Paul Mozdziak The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine Molecules methionine cysteine antioxidant protein cell stability |
| title | The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine |
| title_full | The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine |
| title_fullStr | The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine |
| title_short | The Potential of a Protein Model Synthesized Absent of Methionine |
| title_sort | potential of a protein model synthesized absent of methionine |
| topic | methionine cysteine antioxidant protein cell stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/12/3679 |
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