What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review
Introduction Pisa syndrome (PS) is a type of dystonia of rare occurrence, first described in 1972 as an adverse effect of neuroleptic agents. It is used to describe a postural abnormality that includes trunk flexion in the coronal plane and axial rotation, which improves in the supine position. Ob...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2022-06-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822018727/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797617012252344320 |
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| author | H. Santos E. Dornelles J. Pereira A. Vieira |
| author_facet | H. Santos E. Dornelles J. Pereira A. Vieira |
| author_sort | H. Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction
Pisa syndrome (PS) is a type of dystonia of rare occurrence, first described in 1972 as an adverse effect of neuroleptic agents. It is used to describe a postural abnormality that includes trunk flexion in the coronal plane and axial rotation, which improves in the supine position.
Objectives
In this work, we aim to conduct a brief review of Pisa Syndrome aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment.
Methods
A non-systematic search was conducted through the PubMed database for “pisa syndrome”. Articles were screened for relevant information on PS aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment.
Results
Pisa syndrome has been associated as an adverse effect of multiple drugs from different classes, mainly antipsychotics, dopaminergic agents and cholinesterase inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, one of the most consensual hypothesis considers PS as a consequence of a cholinergic-dopaminergic imbalance that can be caused by antipsychotic treatment. Some factors have been associated with increased risk for developing PS such as old age and polypharmacy. PS appears to be better treated with the reduction or interruption of the agent(s) associated with its onset.
Conclusions
Despite its low incidence, Pisa syndrome can occur as a side effect of a number of different medications and the identification of the trigger-drug is fundamental so it can be reduced or interrupted in order to treat this condition.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:49:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-907dbbe4809d4d288799bea0cb132fe9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-907dbbe4809d4d288799bea0cb132fe92023-11-17T05:06:58ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852022-06-0165S725S72510.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1872What is the Pisa Syndrome? A reviewH. Santos0E. Dornelles1J. Pereira2A. Vieira3Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Psiquiatria Forense, Lisbon, PortugalCentro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Serviço De Psiquiatria, Lisbon, PortugalCentro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Clinica 6, Lisbon, PortugalCentro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Ccsmo, Lisbon, Portugal Introduction Pisa syndrome (PS) is a type of dystonia of rare occurrence, first described in 1972 as an adverse effect of neuroleptic agents. It is used to describe a postural abnormality that includes trunk flexion in the coronal plane and axial rotation, which improves in the supine position. Objectives In this work, we aim to conduct a brief review of Pisa Syndrome aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Methods A non-systematic search was conducted through the PubMed database for “pisa syndrome”. Articles were screened for relevant information on PS aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Results Pisa syndrome has been associated as an adverse effect of multiple drugs from different classes, mainly antipsychotics, dopaminergic agents and cholinesterase inhibitors. The underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, one of the most consensual hypothesis considers PS as a consequence of a cholinergic-dopaminergic imbalance that can be caused by antipsychotic treatment. Some factors have been associated with increased risk for developing PS such as old age and polypharmacy. PS appears to be better treated with the reduction or interruption of the agent(s) associated with its onset. Conclusions Despite its low incidence, Pisa syndrome can occur as a side effect of a number of different medications and the identification of the trigger-drug is fundamental so it can be reduced or interrupted in order to treat this condition. Disclosure No significant relationships. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822018727/type/journal_articlePisa Syndromereview |
| spellingShingle | H. Santos E. Dornelles J. Pereira A. Vieira What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review European Psychiatry Pisa Syndrome review |
| title | What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review |
| title_full | What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review |
| title_fullStr | What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review |
| title_short | What is the Pisa Syndrome? A review |
| title_sort | what is the pisa syndrome a review |
| topic | Pisa Syndrome review |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822018727/type/journal_article |
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