Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite
This study investigated the effects of adding pulverized biomass from palm kernel shells as a reductant on phase transformation and microstructure during the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite. The ilmenite concentrate was reduced at a temperature range of 1000–1200°C for up to 3 h in an inert a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universitas Indonesia
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/5232 |
| _version_ | 1797969970817138688 |
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| author | Cynta Immanuela Lamandasa Agung Setiawan Sri Harjanto M. Akbar Rhamdhani |
| author_facet | Cynta Immanuela Lamandasa Agung Setiawan Sri Harjanto M. Akbar Rhamdhani |
| author_sort | Cynta Immanuela Lamandasa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This
study investigated the effects of adding pulverized biomass from palm kernel
shells as a reductant on phase transformation and microstructure during the
carbothermic reduction of ilmenite. The ilmenite concentrate was reduced at a
temperature range of 1000–1200°C for up to 3 h in an inert atmosphere. The
amount of reducing agents used in this study varied between 6 and 10 wt.%. The
reduced samples were studied using an X-ray diffractometer and optical
microscope to analyze their phase transformations and microstructures. The
results revealed that near-complete dissociation of ilmenite was attained when
biomass was added up to 8 wt.%. Complete dissociation of ilmenite occurred, and
Ti3O5 formed when ilmenite was reduced with 9 wt.%
biomass at 1200°C for 2 h. At this point, the microstructural study showed that
a significant amount of metallic iron, with an average metallic iron size of
241.5 µm2, had
formed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:09:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-907f7b7580a549988eb4dd45031dd70e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2086-9614 2087-2100 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:09:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Indonesia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-907f7b7580a549988eb4dd45031dd70e2023-01-02T11:58:36ZengUniversitas IndonesiaInternational Journal of Technology2086-96142087-21002021-12-011261139114810.14716/ijtech.v12i6.52325232Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of IlmeniteCynta Immanuela Lamandasa0Agung Setiawan1Sri Harjanto2M. Akbar Rhamdhani3Department of Metallurgical and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, IndonesiaDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, IndonesiaDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, IndonesiaFluid and Process Dynamics (FPD) Research Group, Department of Mechanical and Product Design Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, AustraliaThis study investigated the effects of adding pulverized biomass from palm kernel shells as a reductant on phase transformation and microstructure during the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite. The ilmenite concentrate was reduced at a temperature range of 1000–1200°C for up to 3 h in an inert atmosphere. The amount of reducing agents used in this study varied between 6 and 10 wt.%. The reduced samples were studied using an X-ray diffractometer and optical microscope to analyze their phase transformations and microstructures. The results revealed that near-complete dissociation of ilmenite was attained when biomass was added up to 8 wt.%. Complete dissociation of ilmenite occurred, and Ti3O5 formed when ilmenite was reduced with 9 wt.% biomass at 1200°C for 2 h. At this point, the microstructural study showed that a significant amount of metallic iron, with an average metallic iron size of 241.5 µm2, had formed.https://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/5232biomasscarbothermic reductionilmenitepalm kernel shell |
| spellingShingle | Cynta Immanuela Lamandasa Agung Setiawan Sri Harjanto M. Akbar Rhamdhani Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite International Journal of Technology biomass carbothermic reduction ilmenite palm kernel shell |
| title | Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite |
| title_full | Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite |
| title_short | Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite |
| title_sort | effect of adding biomass from palm kernel shell on phase transformation and microstructure during carbothermic reduction of ilmenite |
| topic | biomass carbothermic reduction ilmenite palm kernel shell |
| url | https://ijtech.eng.ui.ac.id/article/view/5232 |
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