Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation
The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of the...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/37 |
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| author | Mikhail I. Mikhailov Anastasia A. Karlsen Ilya A. Potemkin Olga V. Isaeva Vera S. Kichatova Elena Yu. Malinnikova Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan Eugeniy V. Mullin Maria A. Lopatukhina Victor A. Manuylov Elena P. Mazunina Evgeniia N. Bykonia Denis A. Kleymenov Liubov I. Popova Vladimir A. Gushchin Artem P. Tkachuk Andrey D. Polyakov Ahmed Mohammed Eladly Sergey A. Solonin Ilya V. Gordeychuk Karen K. Kyuregyan |
| author_facet | Mikhail I. Mikhailov Anastasia A. Karlsen Ilya A. Potemkin Olga V. Isaeva Vera S. Kichatova Elena Yu. Malinnikova Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan Eugeniy V. Mullin Maria A. Lopatukhina Victor A. Manuylov Elena P. Mazunina Evgeniia N. Bykonia Denis A. Kleymenov Liubov I. Popova Vladimir A. Gushchin Artem P. Tkachuk Andrey D. Polyakov Ahmed Mohammed Eladly Sergey A. Solonin Ilya V. Gordeychuk Karen K. Kyuregyan |
| author_sort | Mikhail I. Mikhailov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of the HEV. The anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, the circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All the human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. The sequences are from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size that was predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) that was predicted using birth–death skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, the HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:03:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-908122af36d24f4b9d28e37600e7eb11 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:03:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-908122af36d24f4b9d28e37600e7eb112023-12-01T01:06:53ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-12-011513710.3390/v15010037Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian FederationMikhail I. Mikhailov0Anastasia A. Karlsen1Ilya A. Potemkin2Olga V. Isaeva3Vera S. Kichatova4Elena Yu. Malinnikova5Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan6Eugeniy V. Mullin7Maria A. Lopatukhina8Victor A. Manuylov9Elena P. Mazunina10Evgeniia N. Bykonia11Denis A. Kleymenov12Liubov I. Popova13Vladimir A. Gushchin14Artem P. Tkachuk15Andrey D. Polyakov16Ahmed Mohammed Eladly17Sergey A. Solonin18Ilya V. Gordeychuk19Karen K. Kyuregyan20Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaGamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, RussiaSkolkovo Territorial Department of Rospotrebnadzor in Moscow, 143026 Moscow, RussiaScientific and Educational Resource Center for High-Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, RussiaN.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine of the Moscow Health Department, 129090 Moscow, RussiaChumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, RussiaThe factors influencing hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation remain largely unexplored. We investigated HEV seroprevalence in humans and the prevalence of infection in farm pigs and rabbits in different regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the genetic diversity and population dynamics of the HEV. The anti-HEV IgG antibody detection rates in the general population increase significantly with age, from 1.5% in children and adolescents under 20 years old to 4.8% in adults aged between 20 and 59 years old to 16.7% in people aged 60 years and older. HEV seroprevalence varies between regions, with the highest rate observed in Belgorod Region (16.4% compared with the national average of 4.6%), which also has the country’s highest pig population. When compared with the archival data, both increases and declines in HEV seroprevalence have been observed within the last 10 years, depending on the study region. Virus shedding has been detected in 19 out of the 21 pig farms surveyed. On one farm, the circulation of the same viral strain for five years was documented. All the human and animal strains belonged to the HEV-3 genotype, with its clade 2 sequences being predominant in pigs. The sequences are from patients, pigs, and sewage from pig farms clustered together, suggesting a zoonotic infection in humans and possible environmental contamination. The HEV-3 population size that was predicted using SkyGrid reconstruction demonstrated exponential growth in the 1970s–1990s, with a subsequent decline followed by a short rise around the year 2010, the pattern being similar to the dynamics of the pig population in the country. The HEV-3 reproduction number (Re) that was predicted using birth–death skyline analysis has fluctuated around 1 over the past 20 years in Russia but is 10 times higher in Belgorod Region. In conclusion, the HEV-3 circulation varies both geographically and temporally, even within a single country. The possible factors contributing to this variability are largely related to the circulation of the virus among farm pigs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/37hepatitis E virusPaslahepevirus balayaniseroprevalencemolecular epidemiologyzoonosisdisease outbreaks |
| spellingShingle | Mikhail I. Mikhailov Anastasia A. Karlsen Ilya A. Potemkin Olga V. Isaeva Vera S. Kichatova Elena Yu. Malinnikova Fedor A. Asadi Mobarkhan Eugeniy V. Mullin Maria A. Lopatukhina Victor A. Manuylov Elena P. Mazunina Evgeniia N. Bykonia Denis A. Kleymenov Liubov I. Popova Vladimir A. Gushchin Artem P. Tkachuk Andrey D. Polyakov Ahmed Mohammed Eladly Sergey A. Solonin Ilya V. Gordeychuk Karen K. Kyuregyan Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation Viruses hepatitis E virus Paslahepevirus balayani seroprevalence molecular epidemiology zoonosis disease outbreaks |
| title | Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation |
| title_full | Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation |
| title_fullStr | Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation |
| title_short | Geographic and Temporal Variability of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in the Russian Federation |
| title_sort | geographic and temporal variability of hepatitis e virus circulation in the russian federation |
| topic | hepatitis E virus Paslahepevirus balayani seroprevalence molecular epidemiology zoonosis disease outbreaks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/1/37 |
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