Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
A β-cyclodextrin-decorated magnetic activated carbon adsorbent was prepared and characterized using various analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–electron diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), and the adsorbent was used...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/248 |
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| author | Anele Mpupa Azile Nqombolo Boris Mizaikoff Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo |
| author_facet | Anele Mpupa Azile Nqombolo Boris Mizaikoff Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo |
| author_sort | Anele Mpupa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A β-cyclodextrin-decorated magnetic activated carbon adsorbent was prepared and characterized using various analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–electron diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), and the adsorbent was used in the development of a magnetic solid-phase microextraction (MSPE) method for the preconcentration of estrone, β-estradiol, hydrocortisone and progesterone in wastewater and river water samples. This method was optimized using the central composite design in order to determine the experimental parameters affecting the extraction procedure. The quantification of hormones was achieved using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Under optimum conditions, the linearity ranged from 0.04 to 300 µg L<sup>−1</sup> with a correlation of determinations of 0.9969–0.9991. The limits of detection and quantification were between 0.01–0.03 and 0.033–0.1 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, with intraday and interday precisions at 1.1–3.4 and 3.2–4.2. The equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, and high adsorption capacities (217–294 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained. The developed procedure demonstrated high potential as an effective technique for use in wastewater samples without significant interferences, and the adsorbent could be reused up to eight times. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:30:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9081735f2c864a88a7a3879886396fee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:30:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9081735f2c864a88a7a3879886396fee2023-11-23T11:58:52ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-12-0127124810.3390/molecules27010248Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic AnalysisAnele Mpupa0Azile Nqombolo1Boris Mizaikoff2Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo3Department of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Sciences, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South AfricaA β-cyclodextrin-decorated magnetic activated carbon adsorbent was prepared and characterized using various analytical techniques (X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–electron diffraction spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), and the adsorbent was used in the development of a magnetic solid-phase microextraction (MSPE) method for the preconcentration of estrone, β-estradiol, hydrocortisone and progesterone in wastewater and river water samples. This method was optimized using the central composite design in order to determine the experimental parameters affecting the extraction procedure. The quantification of hormones was achieved using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Under optimum conditions, the linearity ranged from 0.04 to 300 µg L<sup>−1</sup> with a correlation of determinations of 0.9969–0.9991. The limits of detection and quantification were between 0.01–0.03 and 0.033–0.1 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, with intraday and interday precisions at 1.1–3.4 and 3.2–4.2. The equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model, and high adsorption capacities (217–294 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained. The developed procedure demonstrated high potential as an effective technique for use in wastewater samples without significant interferences, and the adsorbent could be reused up to eight times.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/248magnetic solid phase extractionprogesteronehydrocortisoneestroneβ-estradiolwastewater |
| spellingShingle | Anele Mpupa Azile Nqombolo Boris Mizaikoff Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis Molecules magnetic solid phase extraction progesterone hydrocortisone estrone β-estradiol wastewater |
| title | Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_full | Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_short | Beta-Cyclodextrin-Decorated Magnetic Activated Carbon as a Sorbent for Extraction and Enrichment of Steroid Hormones (Estrone, β-Estradiol, Hydrocortisone and Progesterone) for Liquid Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_sort | beta cyclodextrin decorated magnetic activated carbon as a sorbent for extraction and enrichment of steroid hormones estrone β estradiol hydrocortisone and progesterone for liquid chromatographic analysis |
| topic | magnetic solid phase extraction progesterone hydrocortisone estrone β-estradiol wastewater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/1/248 |
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