Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide a great data source about the ionosphere state. These data can be used for testing ionosphere models. We studied the performance of nine ionospheric models (Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC) bot...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Yury V. Yasyukevich Dmitry Zatolokin Artem Padokhin Ningbo Wang Bruno Nava Zishen Li Yunbin Yuan Anna Yasyukevich Chuanfu Chen Artem Vesnin |
| author_facet | Yury V. Yasyukevich Dmitry Zatolokin Artem Padokhin Ningbo Wang Bruno Nava Zishen Li Yunbin Yuan Anna Yasyukevich Chuanfu Chen Artem Vesnin |
| author_sort | Yury V. Yasyukevich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide a great data source about the ionosphere state. These data can be used for testing ionosphere models. We studied the performance of nine ionospheric models (Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC) both in the total electron content (TEC) domain—i.e., how precise the models calculate TEC—and in the positioning error domain—i.e., how the models improve single frequency positioning. The whole data set covers 20 years (2000–2020) from 13 GNSS stations, but the main analysis involves data during 2014–2020 when calculations are available from all the models. We used single-frequency positioning without ionospheric correction and with correction via global ionospheric maps (IGSG) data as expected limits for errors. Improvements against noncorrected solution were as follows: GIM IGSG—22.0%, BDGIM—15.3%, NeQuick2—13.8%, GEMTEC, NeQuickG and IRI-2016—13.3%, Klobuchar—13.2%, IRI-2012—11.6%, IRI-Plas—8.0%, GLONASS—7.3%. TEC bias and mean absolute TEC errors for the models are as follows: GEMTEC—−0.3 and 2.4 TECU, BDGIM—−0.7 and 2.9 TECU, NeQuick2—−1.2 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2012—−1.5 and 3.2 TECU, NeQuickG—−1.5 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2016—−1.8 and 3.2 TECU, Klobuchar—1.2 and 4.9 TECU, GLONASS—−1.9 and 4.8 TECU, and IRI-Plas—3.1 and 4.2 TECU. While TEC and positioning domains differ, new-generation operational models (BDGIM and NeQuickG) could overperform or at least be at the same level as classical empirical models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:20:32Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:20:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9081846fde594e56bd6801e49328e6f22023-11-18T03:12:21ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-05-012310477310.3390/s23104773Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning DomainsYury V. Yasyukevich0Dmitry Zatolokin1Artem Padokhin2Ningbo Wang3Bruno Nava4Zishen Li5Yunbin Yuan6Anna Yasyukevich7Chuanfu Chen8Artem Vesnin9Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaInstitute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaPushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Moscow, RussiaAerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100864, ChinaThe Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34151 Trieste, ItalyAerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100864, ChinaInnovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430074, ChinaInstitute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaFaculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaGlobal navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide a great data source about the ionosphere state. These data can be used for testing ionosphere models. We studied the performance of nine ionospheric models (Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC) both in the total electron content (TEC) domain—i.e., how precise the models calculate TEC—and in the positioning error domain—i.e., how the models improve single frequency positioning. The whole data set covers 20 years (2000–2020) from 13 GNSS stations, but the main analysis involves data during 2014–2020 when calculations are available from all the models. We used single-frequency positioning without ionospheric correction and with correction via global ionospheric maps (IGSG) data as expected limits for errors. Improvements against noncorrected solution were as follows: GIM IGSG—22.0%, BDGIM—15.3%, NeQuick2—13.8%, GEMTEC, NeQuickG and IRI-2016—13.3%, Klobuchar—13.2%, IRI-2012—11.6%, IRI-Plas—8.0%, GLONASS—7.3%. TEC bias and mean absolute TEC errors for the models are as follows: GEMTEC—−0.3 and 2.4 TECU, BDGIM—−0.7 and 2.9 TECU, NeQuick2—−1.2 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2012—−1.5 and 3.2 TECU, NeQuickG—−1.5 and 3.5 TECU, IRI-2016—−1.8 and 3.2 TECU, Klobuchar—1.2 and 4.9 TECU, GLONASS—−1.9 and 4.8 TECU, and IRI-Plas—3.1 and 4.2 TECU. While TEC and positioning domains differ, new-generation operational models (BDGIM and NeQuickG) could overperform or at least be at the same level as classical empirical models.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4773ionospheremodelsglobal navigation satellite systemsKlobucharNeQuickIRI |
| spellingShingle | Yury V. Yasyukevich Dmitry Zatolokin Artem Padokhin Ningbo Wang Bruno Nava Zishen Li Yunbin Yuan Anna Yasyukevich Chuanfu Chen Artem Vesnin Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains Sensors ionosphere models global navigation satellite systems Klobuchar NeQuick IRI |
| title | Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains |
| title_full | Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains |
| title_fullStr | Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains |
| title_short | Klobuchar, NeQuickG, BDGIM, GLONASS, IRI-2016, IRI-2012, IRI-Plas, NeQuick2, and GEMTEC Ionospheric Models: A Comparison in Total Electron Content and Positioning Domains |
| title_sort | klobuchar nequickg bdgim glonass iri 2016 iri 2012 iri plas nequick2 and gemtec ionospheric models a comparison in total electron content and positioning domains |
| topic | ionosphere models global navigation satellite systems Klobuchar NeQuick IRI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/10/4773 |
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