The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a poor prognosis tumor. Systemic therapies are frequently used due to frequent recurrences after surgical or radiologic treatments. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in monotherapy, but with very low rates of long survival and exceptional reco...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/238 |
| _version_ | 1797413398799974400 |
|---|---|
| author | Philippe Merle |
| author_facet | Philippe Merle |
| author_sort | Philippe Merle |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma is a poor prognosis tumor. Systemic therapies are frequently used due to frequent recurrences after surgical or radiologic treatments. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in monotherapy, but with very low rates of long survival and exceptional recovery. Immuno-oncology based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the systemic therapies since showing long survival rates without any tumor progression or recurrence for some patients in partial or complete response, and possibly for some patients in stable disease. However, the rate of responders under immuno-oncology monotherapy is too low to increase significantly the median overall survival of the treated patients. The immuno-oncology-based combinations with different types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, tremelimumab), or the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-angiogenic agents (bevacizumab, lenvatinib, cabozantinib), have led to a breakthrough in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Indeed, the first phase-3 trial, combining atezolizumab with bevacizumab, has dramatically changed the outcome of patients. Data from several other types of combinations assessed in phase-3 trials are pending, and if positive, will drastically arm the physicians to efficiently treat the patients, and disrupt the current algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90881a29bde9492ca4591e5234177c76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-90881a29bde9492ca4591e5234177c762023-12-03T12:43:52ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-01-0113223810.3390/cancers13020238The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular CarcinomaPhilippe Merle0Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lyon (CRCL), Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon and INSERM U1052, Epigenetics and Epigenomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (EpiHep), 69004 Lyon, FranceHepatocellular carcinoma is a poor prognosis tumor. Systemic therapies are frequently used due to frequent recurrences after surgical or radiologic treatments. Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in monotherapy, but with very low rates of long survival and exceptional recovery. Immuno-oncology based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the systemic therapies since showing long survival rates without any tumor progression or recurrence for some patients in partial or complete response, and possibly for some patients in stable disease. However, the rate of responders under immuno-oncology monotherapy is too low to increase significantly the median overall survival of the treated patients. The immuno-oncology-based combinations with different types of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, tremelimumab), or the association of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus anti-angiogenic agents (bevacizumab, lenvatinib, cabozantinib), have led to a breakthrough in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Indeed, the first phase-3 trial, combining atezolizumab with bevacizumab, has dramatically changed the outcome of patients. Data from several other types of combinations assessed in phase-3 trials are pending, and if positive, will drastically arm the physicians to efficiently treat the patients, and disrupt the current algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/238hepatocellular carcinomasystemic therapiesimmuno-oncology |
| spellingShingle | Philippe Merle The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancers hepatocellular carcinoma systemic therapies immuno-oncology |
| title | The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full | The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_short | The New Immuno-Oncology-Based Therapies and Their Perspectives in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_sort | new immuno oncology based therapies and their perspectives in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| topic | hepatocellular carcinoma systemic therapies immuno-oncology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/238 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT philippemerle thenewimmunooncologybasedtherapiesandtheirperspectivesinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT philippemerle newimmunooncologybasedtherapiesandtheirperspectivesinhepatocellularcarcinoma |