VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) seriously threatens the grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) industry. Prophylactic GCRV vaccines prepared by virus-like particle (VLP) assembly biotechnology can improve effectiveness and safety. The highly immunogenic candidate antigens of GCRV vaccine...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1373 |
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| author | Qingqing Tian Xingchen Huo Qian Liu Chunrong Yang Yongan Zhang Jianguo Su |
| author_facet | Qingqing Tian Xingchen Huo Qian Liu Chunrong Yang Yongan Zhang Jianguo Su |
| author_sort | Qingqing Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) seriously threatens the grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) industry. Prophylactic GCRV vaccines prepared by virus-like particle (VLP) assembly biotechnology can improve effectiveness and safety. The highly immunogenic candidate antigens of GCRV vaccines that have been generally considered are the outer capsid proteins VP4, VP56, and VP35. In this study, VP4, VP56, and VP35 were expressed in an <i>Escherichia coli</i> expression system and a <i>Pichia pastoris</i> expression system. The successful assembly of uniform, stable, and non-toxic VP4/VP56/VP35 VLPs was confirmed through various assays. After vaccination and GCRV infection, the survival rate in the VLPs + adjuvant Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) group was the highest (62%), 40% higher than that in control group (22%). Through the antibody levels, tissue viral load, and antioxidant immunity assays, the <i>P. pastoris</i> VLP vaccine effectively improved IgM levels, alleviated tissue virus load, and regulated antioxidant immune-related indicators. The treatment with <i>P. pastoris</i> VLPs enhanced the mRNA expression of important immune-related genes in the head kidney, as measured by qRT-PCR assay. Upon hematoxylin-eosin staining examination, relatively reduced tissue pathological damage was observed in the VLPs + APS group. The novel vaccine using <i>P. pastoris</i> VLPs as an effective green biological agent provides a prospective strategy for the control of fish viral diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-908a8eacc26e468b89f4c45eeffd65b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:30:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-908a8eacc26e468b89f4c45eeffd65b42023-11-19T03:18:16ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-08-01118137310.3390/vaccines11081373VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II InfectionQingqing Tian0Xingchen Huo1Qian Liu2Chunrong Yang3Yongan Zhang4Jianguo Su5Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaHubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaHubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, ChinaHubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaHubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaGrass carp reovirus (GCRV) seriously threatens the grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) industry. Prophylactic GCRV vaccines prepared by virus-like particle (VLP) assembly biotechnology can improve effectiveness and safety. The highly immunogenic candidate antigens of GCRV vaccines that have been generally considered are the outer capsid proteins VP4, VP56, and VP35. In this study, VP4, VP56, and VP35 were expressed in an <i>Escherichia coli</i> expression system and a <i>Pichia pastoris</i> expression system. The successful assembly of uniform, stable, and non-toxic VP4/VP56/VP35 VLPs was confirmed through various assays. After vaccination and GCRV infection, the survival rate in the VLPs + adjuvant Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) group was the highest (62%), 40% higher than that in control group (22%). Through the antibody levels, tissue viral load, and antioxidant immunity assays, the <i>P. pastoris</i> VLP vaccine effectively improved IgM levels, alleviated tissue virus load, and regulated antioxidant immune-related indicators. The treatment with <i>P. pastoris</i> VLPs enhanced the mRNA expression of important immune-related genes in the head kidney, as measured by qRT-PCR assay. Upon hematoxylin-eosin staining examination, relatively reduced tissue pathological damage was observed in the VLPs + APS group. The novel vaccine using <i>P. pastoris</i> VLPs as an effective green biological agent provides a prospective strategy for the control of fish viral diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1373grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>)virus-like particlesgrass carp reovirusvaccine<i>Pichia pastoris</i> expressionAstragalus polysaccharide |
| spellingShingle | Qingqing Tian Xingchen Huo Qian Liu Chunrong Yang Yongan Zhang Jianguo Su VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection Vaccines grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) virus-like particles grass carp reovirus vaccine <i>Pichia pastoris</i> expression Astragalus polysaccharide |
| title | VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection |
| title_full | VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection |
| title_fullStr | VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection |
| title_short | VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) against GCRV-II Infection |
| title_sort | vp4 vp56 vp35 virus like particles effectively protect grass carp i ctenopharyngodon idella i against gcrv ii infection |
| topic | grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) virus-like particles grass carp reovirus vaccine <i>Pichia pastoris</i> expression Astragalus polysaccharide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/8/1373 |
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