A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chloroquine resistance (CR) decreased after the removal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Malawi, Kenia and Tanzania. In this investigation the prevalence of the chloroquine resistance (CQR) conferring mutant <i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2011-10-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/304 |
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| author | Ngoma Ghyslain Kombila David U Dal-Bianco Matthias Gabor Julian Mayengue Pembe I Lehners Nicola Frank Matthias Supan Christian Lell Bertrand Ntoumi Francine Grobusch Martin P Dietz Klaus Kremsner Peter G |
| author_facet | Ngoma Ghyslain Kombila David U Dal-Bianco Matthias Gabor Julian Mayengue Pembe I Lehners Nicola Frank Matthias Supan Christian Lell Bertrand Ntoumi Francine Grobusch Martin P Dietz Klaus Kremsner Peter G |
| author_sort | Ngoma Ghyslain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chloroquine resistance (CR) decreased after the removal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Malawi, Kenia and Tanzania. In this investigation the prevalence of the chloroquine resistance (CQR) conferring mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele and its associated chromosomal haplotype were determined before and after the change in Gabonese national treatment guidelines from chloroquine (CQ) to artesunate plus amodiaquine (AQ) in 2003.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The prevalence of the wild type <it>pfcrt </it>allele was assessed in 144 isolates from the years 2005 - 07 by PCR fragment restriction digest and direct sequencing. For haplotype analysis of the chromosomal regions flanking the <it>pfcrt </it>locus, microsatellite analysis was done on a total of 145 isolates obtained in 1995/96 (43 isolates), 2002 (47 isolates) and 2005 - 07 (55 isolates).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele decreased from 100% in the years 1995/96 and 2002 to 97% in 2005 - 07. Haplotype analysis showed that in 1995/96 79% of the isolates carried the same microsatellite alleles in a chromosomal fragment spanning 39 kb surrounding the <it>pfcrt </it>locus. In 2002 and 2005 - 07 the prevalence of this haplotype was 62% and 58%, respectively. <it>Pfcrt </it>haplotype analysis showed that all wild type alleles were CVMNK.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Four years after the withdrawal of CQ from national treatment guidelines the prevalence of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele remains at 97%. The data suggest that the combination of artesunate plus AQ may result in continued selection for the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype even after discontinuance of CQ usage.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:52:59Z |
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| id | doaj.art-908e746b9c3142aba7f9bc26fe05ddd4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:52:59Z |
| publishDate | 2011-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-908e746b9c3142aba7f9bc26fe05ddd42022-12-22T03:26:27ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752011-10-0110130410.1186/1475-2875-10-304A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in GabonNgoma GhyslainKombila David UDal-Bianco MatthiasGabor JulianMayengue Pembe ILehners NicolaFrank MatthiasSupan ChristianLell BertrandNtoumi FrancineGrobusch Martin PDietz KlausKremsner Peter G<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chloroquine resistance (CR) decreased after the removal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Malawi, Kenia and Tanzania. In this investigation the prevalence of the chloroquine resistance (CQR) conferring mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele and its associated chromosomal haplotype were determined before and after the change in Gabonese national treatment guidelines from chloroquine (CQ) to artesunate plus amodiaquine (AQ) in 2003.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The prevalence of the wild type <it>pfcrt </it>allele was assessed in 144 isolates from the years 2005 - 07 by PCR fragment restriction digest and direct sequencing. For haplotype analysis of the chromosomal regions flanking the <it>pfcrt </it>locus, microsatellite analysis was done on a total of 145 isolates obtained in 1995/96 (43 isolates), 2002 (47 isolates) and 2005 - 07 (55 isolates).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele decreased from 100% in the years 1995/96 and 2002 to 97% in 2005 - 07. Haplotype analysis showed that in 1995/96 79% of the isolates carried the same microsatellite alleles in a chromosomal fragment spanning 39 kb surrounding the <it>pfcrt </it>locus. In 2002 and 2005 - 07 the prevalence of this haplotype was 62% and 58%, respectively. <it>Pfcrt </it>haplotype analysis showed that all wild type alleles were CVMNK.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Four years after the withdrawal of CQ from national treatment guidelines the prevalence of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>allele remains at 97%. The data suggest that the combination of artesunate plus AQ may result in continued selection for the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype even after discontinuance of CQ usage.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/304chloroquine resistancechloroquine sensitivitymicrosatellite analysis, haplotype analysisartesunate plus amodiaquine |
| spellingShingle | Ngoma Ghyslain Kombila David U Dal-Bianco Matthias Gabor Julian Mayengue Pembe I Lehners Nicola Frank Matthias Supan Christian Lell Bertrand Ntoumi Francine Grobusch Martin P Dietz Klaus Kremsner Peter G A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon Malaria Journal chloroquine resistance chloroquine sensitivity microsatellite analysis, haplotype analysis artesunate plus amodiaquine |
| title | A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon |
| title_full | A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon |
| title_fullStr | A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon |
| title_full_unstemmed | A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon |
| title_short | A thirteen-year analysis of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>populations reveals high conservation of the mutant <it>pfcrt </it>haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in Gabon |
| title_sort | thirteen year analysis of it plasmodium falciparum it populations reveals high conservation of the mutant it pfcrt it haplotype despite the withdrawal of chloroquine from national treatment guidelines in gabon |
| topic | chloroquine resistance chloroquine sensitivity microsatellite analysis, haplotype analysis artesunate plus amodiaquine |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/304 |
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