Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories
Urban functional area (UFA) recognition is one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable city development. As remote-sensing and social-sensing data sources have increasingly become available, UFA recognition has received a significant amount of attention. Research on UFA recognitio...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2449 |
| _version_ | 1811153775019163648 |
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| author | Zhen Qian Xintao Liu Fei Tao Tong Zhou |
| author_facet | Zhen Qian Xintao Liu Fei Tao Tong Zhou |
| author_sort | Zhen Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Urban functional area (UFA) recognition is one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable city development. As remote-sensing and social-sensing data sources have increasingly become available, UFA recognition has received a significant amount of attention. Research on UFA recognition that uses a single dataset suffers from a low update frequency or low spatial resolution, while data fusion-based methods are limited in efficiency and accuracy. This paper proposes an integrated model to identify UFA using satellite images and taxi global positioning system (GPS) trajectories in four steps. First, blocks were generated as spatial units in the study area, and the spatiotemporal information entropy of the taxi GPS trajectory (STET) for each block was calculated. Second, a 24-hour time-frequency series was formed based on the pick-up and drop-off points extracted from taxi trajectories and used as the interpretation indicator of the blocks. The K-Means++ and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm were used to identify their social functions. Third, a multilabel classification method based on the residual neural network (MLC-ResNets) and “You Only Look Once” (YOLO) target detection algorithms were used to identify the features of the typical and atypical spatial textures, respectively, of the satellite images in the blocks. The confidence scores of the features of the blocks were categorized by the decision tree algorithm. Fourth, to find the best way to integrate the two sub-models for UFA identification, the 10-fold cross-validation method based on stratified random sampling was applied to determine the most optimal STET thresholds. The results showed that the average accuracy reached 82.0%, with an average kappa of 73.5%—significant improvements over most existing studies. This paper provides new insights into how the advantages of satellite images and taxi trajectories in UFA identification can be fully exploited to support sustainable city management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:05:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90907809bdb640ba8eb629afdb15c94c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:05:21Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-90907809bdb640ba8eb629afdb15c94c2023-11-20T08:31:06ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-07-011215244910.3390/rs12152449Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS TrajectoriesZhen Qian0Xintao Liu1Fei Tao2Tong Zhou3School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, ChinaDepartment of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, ChinaSchool of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226007, ChinaUrban functional area (UFA) recognition is one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable city development. As remote-sensing and social-sensing data sources have increasingly become available, UFA recognition has received a significant amount of attention. Research on UFA recognition that uses a single dataset suffers from a low update frequency or low spatial resolution, while data fusion-based methods are limited in efficiency and accuracy. This paper proposes an integrated model to identify UFA using satellite images and taxi global positioning system (GPS) trajectories in four steps. First, blocks were generated as spatial units in the study area, and the spatiotemporal information entropy of the taxi GPS trajectory (STET) for each block was calculated. Second, a 24-hour time-frequency series was formed based on the pick-up and drop-off points extracted from taxi trajectories and used as the interpretation indicator of the blocks. The K-Means++ and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm were used to identify their social functions. Third, a multilabel classification method based on the residual neural network (MLC-ResNets) and “You Only Look Once” (YOLO) target detection algorithms were used to identify the features of the typical and atypical spatial textures, respectively, of the satellite images in the blocks. The confidence scores of the features of the blocks were categorized by the decision tree algorithm. Fourth, to find the best way to integrate the two sub-models for UFA identification, the 10-fold cross-validation method based on stratified random sampling was applied to determine the most optimal STET thresholds. The results showed that the average accuracy reached 82.0%, with an average kappa of 73.5%—significant improvements over most existing studies. This paper provides new insights into how the advantages of satellite images and taxi trajectories in UFA identification can be fully exploited to support sustainable city management.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2449urban function areasremote sensingtaxi trajectorymachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Zhen Qian Xintao Liu Fei Tao Tong Zhou Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories Remote Sensing urban function areas remote sensing taxi trajectory machine learning |
| title | Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories |
| title_full | Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories |
| title_short | Identification of Urban Functional Areas by Coupling Satellite Images and Taxi GPS Trajectories |
| title_sort | identification of urban functional areas by coupling satellite images and taxi gps trajectories |
| topic | urban function areas remote sensing taxi trajectory machine learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/15/2449 |
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