Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents
Ever since plant diseases began causing losses in viticulture, the control of phytopathogenic fungi has become of vital interest for winemakers. The occurrence of novel pests, fungicide resistance, and changed consumer expectations have led to an enormous demand for novel plant protection strategies...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-04-01
|
| Series: | Fermentation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/4/2/31 |
| _version_ | 1811239722058514432 |
|---|---|
| author | Julia Pretscher Tilman Fischkal Sina Branscheidt Lucas Jäger Susann Kahl Martina Schlander Eckhard Thines Harald Claus |
| author_facet | Julia Pretscher Tilman Fischkal Sina Branscheidt Lucas Jäger Susann Kahl Martina Schlander Eckhard Thines Harald Claus |
| author_sort | Julia Pretscher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ever since plant diseases began causing losses in viticulture, the control of phytopathogenic fungi has become of vital interest for winemakers. The occurrence of novel pests, fungicide resistance, and changed consumer expectations have led to an enormous demand for novel plant protection strategies. As part of integrated protection measures, antagonistic microorganisms have been investigated to a large extent. Such microorganisms can be applied not only in conventional, but also in organic farming as biological control agents (BCA). Particularly, yeasts were found to be interesting candidates for the development of BCA. Many of these eukaryotic microorganisms are found as part of the phylloplane microflora. In this study, we assessed a set of 38 yeast isolates from different habitats, including the guts of termites, for inhibitory effects against some phytopathogenic fungi that have received less attention in earlier studies. The majority of yeasts were found to interfere with fungi infecting grapevine (Eutypa lata, Botrytis cinerea, and Roesleria subterranea), stone fruits (Monilinia fructicola), or rice (Magnaporte oryzae), as well in vitro and in model experiment on fruits. Although most yeast strains secreted glycoside hydrolases and proteases, attempts to demonstrate direct antagonistic activities of lytic enzymes failed. However, in culture filtrates of the termite yeast Papiliotrema odontotermitis OO5, a low molecular thermostable antagonistic factor was detected. Iron depletion as a BCA mechanism was confirmed for strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima but not for other yeasts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:06:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-909946f9e2a44a42a377d99255818974 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:06:09Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-909946f9e2a44a42a377d992558189742022-12-22T03:32:01ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372018-04-01423110.3390/fermentation4020031fermentation4020031Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol AgentsJulia Pretscher0Tilman Fischkal1Sina Branscheidt2Lucas Jäger3Susann Kahl4Martina Schlander5Eckhard Thines6Harald Claus7Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyJohannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Microbiology and Wine Research, Becherweg 15, 55120 Mainz, GermanyEver since plant diseases began causing losses in viticulture, the control of phytopathogenic fungi has become of vital interest for winemakers. The occurrence of novel pests, fungicide resistance, and changed consumer expectations have led to an enormous demand for novel plant protection strategies. As part of integrated protection measures, antagonistic microorganisms have been investigated to a large extent. Such microorganisms can be applied not only in conventional, but also in organic farming as biological control agents (BCA). Particularly, yeasts were found to be interesting candidates for the development of BCA. Many of these eukaryotic microorganisms are found as part of the phylloplane microflora. In this study, we assessed a set of 38 yeast isolates from different habitats, including the guts of termites, for inhibitory effects against some phytopathogenic fungi that have received less attention in earlier studies. The majority of yeasts were found to interfere with fungi infecting grapevine (Eutypa lata, Botrytis cinerea, and Roesleria subterranea), stone fruits (Monilinia fructicola), or rice (Magnaporte oryzae), as well in vitro and in model experiment on fruits. Although most yeast strains secreted glycoside hydrolases and proteases, attempts to demonstrate direct antagonistic activities of lytic enzymes failed. However, in culture filtrates of the termite yeast Papiliotrema odontotermitis OO5, a low molecular thermostable antagonistic factor was detected. Iron depletion as a BCA mechanism was confirmed for strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima but not for other yeasts.http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/4/2/31biological control agentsyeastsphytopathogenic fungicompetitionlytic enzymespulcherrimintermite |
| spellingShingle | Julia Pretscher Tilman Fischkal Sina Branscheidt Lucas Jäger Susann Kahl Martina Schlander Eckhard Thines Harald Claus Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents Fermentation biological control agents yeasts phytopathogenic fungi competition lytic enzymes pulcherrimin termite |
| title | Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents |
| title_full | Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents |
| title_fullStr | Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents |
| title_short | Yeasts from Different Habitats and Their Potential as Biocontrol Agents |
| title_sort | yeasts from different habitats and their potential as biocontrol agents |
| topic | biological control agents yeasts phytopathogenic fungi competition lytic enzymes pulcherrimin termite |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/4/2/31 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juliapretscher yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT tilmanfischkal yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT sinabranscheidt yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT lucasjager yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT susannkahl yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT martinaschlander yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT eckhardthines yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents AT haraldclaus yeastsfromdifferenthabitatsandtheirpotentialasbiocontrolagents |