Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model
Teuku Heriansyah,1 Herlina Dimiati,1 Tjut Farahiya Hadi,1 Dimas Arya Umara,1 Lian Varis Riandi,2 Fauzan Fajri,3 Sukmawan Fajar Santosa,4 Titin Andri Wihastuti,5 Kumboyono Kumboyono6 1Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
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| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/ascorbic-acid-vs-calcitriol-in-influencing-monocyte-chemoattractant-pr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
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| author | Heriansyah T Dimiati H Hadi TF Umara DA Riandi LV Fajri F Santosa SF Wihastuti TA Kumboyono K |
| author_facet | Heriansyah T Dimiati H Hadi TF Umara DA Riandi LV Fajri F Santosa SF Wihastuti TA Kumboyono K |
| author_sort | Heriansyah T |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Teuku Heriansyah,1 Herlina Dimiati,1 Tjut Farahiya Hadi,1 Dimas Arya Umara,1 Lian Varis Riandi,2 Fauzan Fajri,3 Sukmawan Fajar Santosa,4 Titin Andri Wihastuti,5 Kumboyono Kumboyono6 1Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 3Department of Animal Model, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 4Integrated Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 5Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia; 6Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tjut Farahiya Hadi, Email tjut@mhs.unsyiah.ac.idIntroduction: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol were frequently utilized in conjunction as therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and individuals with minor symptoms had notable improvements. There have been a few studies, often with conflicting findings, that examine the use of them for endothelium restoration and numerous clinical trial studies that failed to establish the efficacy. The aim of this study was to find the efficacy of ascorbic acid compared to calcitriol on the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as protective agents which play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis formation. This study was an experimental in vivo study.Methods: The total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely: control/normal group (N), atherosclerosis group (DL) given atherogenic diet, atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and ascorbic acid (DLC), and atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and calcitriol (DLD) treatment for 30 days.Results: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was significantly effective (P< 0.05) in lowering expression of MCP-1 and increasing NO and SOD level. Calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between ascorbic acid and calcitriol in decreasing MCP-1 and increasing NO (P> 0.05).Discussion: Both treatments could reduce MCP-1, and increase NO and SOD by increasing antioxidants. In this study calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD, but not NO and decreasing MCP-1. According to the theory, it was found that calcitriol through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) causes a direct increase in the amount of SOD. Nrf2 is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants.Conclusion: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was able to reduce MCP-1 and increase NO and SOD in atherosclerosis rat. Calcitriol was significantly superior in increasing SOD levels compared to ascorbic acid.Keywords: ascorbic acid, calcitriol, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, atherosclerosis |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:12:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9099f0ca77ce4d2a98b1d571548f4872 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-2048 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T04:12:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vascular Health and Risk Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-9099f0ca77ce4d2a98b1d571548f48722023-03-12T15:18:22ZengDove Medical PressVascular Health and Risk Management1178-20482023-03-01Volume 1913914482221Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat ModelHeriansyah TDimiati HHadi TFUmara DARiandi LVFajri FSantosa SFWihastuti TAKumboyono KTeuku Heriansyah,1 Herlina Dimiati,1 Tjut Farahiya Hadi,1 Dimas Arya Umara,1 Lian Varis Riandi,2 Fauzan Fajri,3 Sukmawan Fajar Santosa,4 Titin Andri Wihastuti,5 Kumboyono Kumboyono6 1Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 3Department of Animal Model, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 4Integrated Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia; 5Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia; 6Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Tjut Farahiya Hadi, Email tjut@mhs.unsyiah.ac.idIntroduction: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol were frequently utilized in conjunction as therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, and individuals with minor symptoms had notable improvements. There have been a few studies, often with conflicting findings, that examine the use of them for endothelium restoration and numerous clinical trial studies that failed to establish the efficacy. The aim of this study was to find the efficacy of ascorbic acid compared to calcitriol on the inflammatory markers monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as protective agents which play an important role in the early stages of atherosclerosis formation. This study was an experimental in vivo study.Methods: The total of 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, namely: control/normal group (N), atherosclerosis group (DL) given atherogenic diet, atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and ascorbic acid (DLC), and atherosclerosis group given atherogenic diet and calcitriol (DLD) treatment for 30 days.Results: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was significantly effective (P< 0.05) in lowering expression of MCP-1 and increasing NO and SOD level. Calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference between ascorbic acid and calcitriol in decreasing MCP-1 and increasing NO (P> 0.05).Discussion: Both treatments could reduce MCP-1, and increase NO and SOD by increasing antioxidants. In this study calcitriol was superior to ascorbic acid in increasing SOD, but not NO and decreasing MCP-1. According to the theory, it was found that calcitriol through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) causes a direct increase in the amount of SOD. Nrf2 is an emerging regulator of cellular resistance to oxidants.Conclusion: Ascorbic acid and calcitriol treatment was able to reduce MCP-1 and increase NO and SOD in atherosclerosis rat. Calcitriol was significantly superior in increasing SOD levels compared to ascorbic acid.Keywords: ascorbic acid, calcitriol, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, atherosclerosishttps://www.dovepress.com/ascorbic-acid-vs-calcitriol-in-influencing-monocyte-chemoattractant-pr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRMascorbic acidcalcitriolmonocyte chemoattractant protein-1nitric oxidesuperoxide dismutaseatherosclerosis |
| spellingShingle | Heriansyah T Dimiati H Hadi TF Umara DA Riandi LV Fajri F Santosa SF Wihastuti TA Kumboyono K Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model Vascular Health and Risk Management ascorbic acid calcitriol monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 nitric oxide superoxide dismutase atherosclerosis |
| title | Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model |
| title_full | Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model |
| title_short | Ascorbic Acid vs Calcitriol in Influencing Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, as Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: In Vivo Study in Atherosclerosis Rat Model |
| title_sort | ascorbic acid vs calcitriol in influencing monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 nitric oxide superoxide dismutase as markers of endothelial dysfunction in vivo study in atherosclerosis rat model |
| topic | ascorbic acid calcitriol monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 nitric oxide superoxide dismutase atherosclerosis |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/ascorbic-acid-vs-calcitriol-in-influencing-monocyte-chemoattractant-pr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VHRM |
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