Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer
An experimental study on natural convection heat transfer from the outer surface of a horizontal array of vertical square tubes in the air is investigated. The array consists of three vertical square tubes at equally different center-to-center distances. Each tube has a square cross-section with a s...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-05-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6345 |
| _version_ | 1797601199508160512 |
|---|---|
| author | Zeyad Alsuhaibani Mohamed Ali Nader S. Saleh |
| author_facet | Zeyad Alsuhaibani Mohamed Ali Nader S. Saleh |
| author_sort | Zeyad Alsuhaibani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An experimental study on natural convection heat transfer from the outer surface of a horizontal array of vertical square tubes in the air is investigated. The array consists of three vertical square tubes at equally different center-to-center distances. Each tube has a square cross-section with a side length of 2.00 cm, 100 cm length, and is filled with sand. Each tube is heated by inserting an internal heating element with a constant heat flux at the center. Five center-to-center separation distance to hydraulic diameter ratios (S/D) are used at different heat flux ranges of 70–360 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Results show that at small S/D, the Nusselt number of any tube in the array is lower than that of the single tube up to a specific S/D and then increases as the ratio increases. Empirical correlations are obtained for each tube in the array at different S/D using the modified Rayleigh numbers only. General correlations using S/D as a parameter are obtained for each tube, and an overall general correlation using both S/D and the tube number (n) as parameters is obtained. The difference between the predicted and experimental Nusselt numbers is in the reasonable range even at high Rayleigh numbers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-909b13bc7e424db69da985140f9b26ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:57:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-909b13bc7e424db69da985140f9b26ae2023-11-18T00:24:17ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-05-011310634510.3390/app13106345Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat TransferZeyad Alsuhaibani0Mohamed Ali1Nader S. Saleh2Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaAn experimental study on natural convection heat transfer from the outer surface of a horizontal array of vertical square tubes in the air is investigated. The array consists of three vertical square tubes at equally different center-to-center distances. Each tube has a square cross-section with a side length of 2.00 cm, 100 cm length, and is filled with sand. Each tube is heated by inserting an internal heating element with a constant heat flux at the center. Five center-to-center separation distance to hydraulic diameter ratios (S/D) are used at different heat flux ranges of 70–360 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Results show that at small S/D, the Nusselt number of any tube in the array is lower than that of the single tube up to a specific S/D and then increases as the ratio increases. Empirical correlations are obtained for each tube in the array at different S/D using the modified Rayleigh numbers only. General correlations using S/D as a parameter are obtained for each tube, and an overall general correlation using both S/D and the tube number (n) as parameters is obtained. The difference between the predicted and experimental Nusselt numbers is in the reasonable range even at high Rayleigh numbers.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6345experimental heat transferhorizontal array of vertical square tubesempirical correlationsnatural convectioncenter-to-center distance |
| spellingShingle | Zeyad Alsuhaibani Mohamed Ali Nader S. Saleh Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer Applied Sciences experimental heat transfer horizontal array of vertical square tubes empirical correlations natural convection center-to-center distance |
| title | Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
| title_full | Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
| title_fullStr | Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
| title_short | Center-to-Center Distance’s Effect between Vertical Square Tubes of a Horizontal Array on Natural Convection Heat Transfer |
| title_sort | center to center distance s effect between vertical square tubes of a horizontal array on natural convection heat transfer |
| topic | experimental heat transfer horizontal array of vertical square tubes empirical correlations natural convection center-to-center distance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6345 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zeyadalsuhaibani centertocenterdistanceseffectbetweenverticalsquaretubesofahorizontalarrayonnaturalconvectionheattransfer AT mohamedali centertocenterdistanceseffectbetweenverticalsquaretubesofahorizontalarrayonnaturalconvectionheattransfer AT naderssaleh centertocenterdistanceseffectbetweenverticalsquaretubesofahorizontalarrayonnaturalconvectionheattransfer |