Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings
Equiatomic medium-entropy alloy (MEA) FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C (0, 1, and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C) coatings were deposited onto an AISI 1040 steel substrate using pulsed laser cladding. Based on an SEM microstructural analysis, it was found that the cross-sections of all the obtai...
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2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5479 |
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| author | Artem Okulov Yury Korobov Alexander Stepchenkov Aleksey Makarov Olga Iusupova Yulia Korkh Tatyana Kuznetsova Evgeny Kharanzhevskiy Kun Liu |
| author_facet | Artem Okulov Yury Korobov Alexander Stepchenkov Aleksey Makarov Olga Iusupova Yulia Korkh Tatyana Kuznetsova Evgeny Kharanzhevskiy Kun Liu |
| author_sort | Artem Okulov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Equiatomic medium-entropy alloy (MEA) FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C (0, 1, and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C) coatings were deposited onto an AISI 1040 steel substrate using pulsed laser cladding. Based on an SEM microstructural analysis, it was found that the cross-sections of all the obtained specimens were characterized by an average coating thickness of 400 ± 20 μm, a sufficiently narrow (100 ± 20 μm) “coating–substrate” transition zone, and the presence of a small number of defects, including cracks and pores. An XRD analysis showed that the formed coatings consisted of a single face-centered cubic (FCC) γ-phase and the space group <i>Fm-3m</i>, regardless of the B<sub>4</sub>C content. However, additional TEM analysis of the FeNiCr coating with 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C revealed a two-phase FCC structure consisting of grains (FCC-1 phase, <i>Fm-3m</i>) up to 1 µm in size and banded interlayers (FCC-2 phase, <i>Fm-3m</i>) between the grains. The grains were clean with a low density of dislocations. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of B<sub>4</sub>C carbides inside the FeNiCr (1 and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C) coatings, as evidenced by detected peaks corresponding to amorphous carbon and peaks indicating the stretching of C-B-C chains. The mechanical characterization of the FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C coatings specified that additions of 1 and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C resulted in a notable increase in microhardness of 16% and 38%, respectively, with a slight decrease in ductility of 4% and 10%, respectively, compared to the B<sub>4</sub>C-free FeNiCr coating. Thus, the B<sub>4</sub>C addition can be considered a promising method for strengthening laser-cladded MEA FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C coatings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:22:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-909fab62bc864e04b112a382063c78fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-909fab62bc864e04b112a382063c78fc2023-11-18T23:13:54ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-08-011615547910.3390/ma16155479Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C CoatingsArtem Okulov0Yury Korobov1Alexander Stepchenkov2Aleksey Makarov3Olga Iusupova4Yulia Korkh5Tatyana Kuznetsova6Evgeny Kharanzhevskiy7Kun Liu8M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Ekaterinburg, RussiaDepartment of General Physics, Udmurt State University, 426034 Izhevsk, RussiaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, ChinaEquiatomic medium-entropy alloy (MEA) FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C (0, 1, and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C) coatings were deposited onto an AISI 1040 steel substrate using pulsed laser cladding. Based on an SEM microstructural analysis, it was found that the cross-sections of all the obtained specimens were characterized by an average coating thickness of 400 ± 20 μm, a sufficiently narrow (100 ± 20 μm) “coating–substrate” transition zone, and the presence of a small number of defects, including cracks and pores. An XRD analysis showed that the formed coatings consisted of a single face-centered cubic (FCC) γ-phase and the space group <i>Fm-3m</i>, regardless of the B<sub>4</sub>C content. However, additional TEM analysis of the FeNiCr coating with 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C revealed a two-phase FCC structure consisting of grains (FCC-1 phase, <i>Fm-3m</i>) up to 1 µm in size and banded interlayers (FCC-2 phase, <i>Fm-3m</i>) between the grains. The grains were clean with a low density of dislocations. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of B<sub>4</sub>C carbides inside the FeNiCr (1 and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C) coatings, as evidenced by detected peaks corresponding to amorphous carbon and peaks indicating the stretching of C-B-C chains. The mechanical characterization of the FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C coatings specified that additions of 1 and 3 wt.% B<sub>4</sub>C resulted in a notable increase in microhardness of 16% and 38%, respectively, with a slight decrease in ductility of 4% and 10%, respectively, compared to the B<sub>4</sub>C-free FeNiCr coating. Thus, the B<sub>4</sub>C addition can be considered a promising method for strengthening laser-cladded MEA FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C coatings.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5479laser claddingmedium-entropy alloyboron carbideB<sub>4</sub>CRaman spectroscopymicrostructure characterization |
| spellingShingle | Artem Okulov Yury Korobov Alexander Stepchenkov Aleksey Makarov Olga Iusupova Yulia Korkh Tatyana Kuznetsova Evgeny Kharanzhevskiy Kun Liu Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings Materials laser cladding medium-entropy alloy boron carbide B<sub>4</sub>C Raman spectroscopy microstructure characterization |
| title | Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings |
| title_full | Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings |
| title_short | Mechanical and Structural Characterization of Laser-Cladded Medium-Entropy FeNiCr-B<sub>4</sub>C Coatings |
| title_sort | mechanical and structural characterization of laser cladded medium entropy fenicr b sub 4 sub c coatings |
| topic | laser cladding medium-entropy alloy boron carbide B<sub>4</sub>C Raman spectroscopy microstructure characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5479 |
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