A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population
CONTEXT: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the classical target in cardiovascular (CV) disease management and is usually estimated by Friedewald's formula. However, this formula may over- or underestimate LDL-C levels. AIMS: Our aim is to compare eight LDL-C-estimating formulas to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Hematology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jahjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1658-5127;year=2022;volume=13;issue=4;spage=213;epage=221;aulast=Awan |
| _version_ | 1811180104848506880 |
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| author | Zuhier Ahmed Awan Dena Abdulbadea Nuwaylati |
| author_facet | Zuhier Ahmed Awan Dena Abdulbadea Nuwaylati |
| author_sort | Zuhier Ahmed Awan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | CONTEXT: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the classical target in cardiovascular (CV) disease management and is usually estimated by Friedewald's formula. However, this formula may over- or underestimate LDL-C levels.
AIMS: Our aim is to compare eight LDL-C-estimating formulas to the direct LDL-C measurement and validate their use in the Saudi population.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A blood sample of fasting 669 Saudi subjects was tested for lipid profiles in King Abdulaziz University Hospital Laboratory, from which directly measured LDL-C was obtained. LDL-C was then estimated from eight different formulas: Friedewald's, Cordova's, Hata's, Puavilai's, Chen's, Ahmadi's, Hattori's, and Vujovic's, which were all compared to direct LDL-C.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Mean and standard deviation, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: The mean differences between the direct LDL-C and Hattori and Chen's LDL-C were 0.03 and 0.08 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001, while the mean difference observed with Hata, Friedewald, Puavilai, and Vujovic's formulas were higher in comparison: 0.15, 0.24, 0.29, and 0.33 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001. Ahmadi and Cordova's LDL-C were estimated to be 0.60 and 0.64 mmol/L more than direct LDL-C levels, respectively, which showed the highest discordance with direct LDL-C, P < 0.001. At a triglyceride (TG) level of <4.5 mmol/L, Hattori also had the best agreement with direct LDL-C, with a mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L, and with TG >4.5 mmol/L, their mean difference was 0.21 mmol/L. All estimated LDL-C strongly correlated with direct LDL-C, except for Ahmadi's.
CONCLUSIONS: Hattori's LDL-C had the best agreement with the direct LDL-C, and across all TG levels. However, we recommend directly measuring LDL-C in those with high CV risk. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:45:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90a1e2500c3b4759a472d7700533c8ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1658-5127 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T06:45:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Hematology |
| spelling | doaj.art-90a1e2500c3b4759a472d7700533c8ab2022-12-22T04:39:22ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Applied Hematology1658-51272022-01-0113421322110.4103/joah.joah_48_22A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian PopulationZuhier Ahmed AwanDena Abdulbadea NuwaylatiCONTEXT: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the classical target in cardiovascular (CV) disease management and is usually estimated by Friedewald's formula. However, this formula may over- or underestimate LDL-C levels. AIMS: Our aim is to compare eight LDL-C-estimating formulas to the direct LDL-C measurement and validate their use in the Saudi population. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A blood sample of fasting 669 Saudi subjects was tested for lipid profiles in King Abdulaziz University Hospital Laboratory, from which directly measured LDL-C was obtained. LDL-C was then estimated from eight different formulas: Friedewald's, Cordova's, Hata's, Puavilai's, Chen's, Ahmadi's, Hattori's, and Vujovic's, which were all compared to direct LDL-C. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Mean and standard deviation, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean differences between the direct LDL-C and Hattori and Chen's LDL-C were 0.03 and 0.08 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001, while the mean difference observed with Hata, Friedewald, Puavilai, and Vujovic's formulas were higher in comparison: 0.15, 0.24, 0.29, and 0.33 mmol/L, respectively, P < 0.001. Ahmadi and Cordova's LDL-C were estimated to be 0.60 and 0.64 mmol/L more than direct LDL-C levels, respectively, which showed the highest discordance with direct LDL-C, P < 0.001. At a triglyceride (TG) level of <4.5 mmol/L, Hattori also had the best agreement with direct LDL-C, with a mean difference of 0.04 mmol/L, and with TG >4.5 mmol/L, their mean difference was 0.21 mmol/L. All estimated LDL-C strongly correlated with direct LDL-C, except for Ahmadi's. CONCLUSIONS: Hattori's LDL-C had the best agreement with the direct LDL-C, and across all TG levels. However, we recommend directly measuring LDL-C in those with high CV risk.http://www.jahjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1658-5127;year=2022;volume=13;issue=4;spage=213;epage=221;aulast=Awanbeta-quantificationfriedewald formulalow-density lipoprotein-cholesteroltriglyceridesultracentrifugation |
| spellingShingle | Zuhier Ahmed Awan Dena Abdulbadea Nuwaylati A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population Journal of Applied Hematology beta-quantification friedewald formula low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol triglycerides ultracentrifugation |
| title | A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_full | A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_fullStr | A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_short | A Comparison between Eight Formulas for the Estimation of Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Saudi Arabian Population |
| title_sort | comparison between eight formulas for the estimation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the saudi arabian population |
| topic | beta-quantification friedewald formula low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol triglycerides ultracentrifugation |
| url | http://www.jahjournal.org/article.asp?issn=1658-5127;year=2022;volume=13;issue=4;spage=213;epage=221;aulast=Awan |
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