Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus, causing substantial economic losses in pig populations, that was first detected in 2016. Furthermore, the virus has already been reported in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, including China, indicating that the virus has spread worldwide. However, the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Animals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1588 |
| _version_ | 1797490684015411200 |
|---|---|
| author | Dengjin Chen Yi Huang Yating Guo Lihong Wang Yongning Zhang Lei Zhou Xinna Ge Jun Han Xin Guo Hanchun Yang |
| author_facet | Dengjin Chen Yi Huang Yating Guo Lihong Wang Yongning Zhang Lei Zhou Xinna Ge Jun Han Xin Guo Hanchun Yang |
| author_sort | Dengjin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus, causing substantial economic losses in pig populations, that was first detected in 2016. Furthermore, the virus has already been reported in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, including China, indicating that the virus has spread worldwide. However, the molecular epidemiology of PCV3 still needs further study. To investigate PCV3 epidemiological characteristics in China, 2707 serum samples of pigs were randomly collected from 17 provinces in China between September 2018 and March 2022 and analyzed via PCR assays. The study showed that PCV3 infection was prevalent in the overall population with 31.07% (841/2707) and 100.0% (17/17) at sample and province levels, respectively, though the positivity rate of PCV3 varied from 7.41 to 70.0% in different provinces, suggesting that PCV3 infection has a widespread distribution in China. We selected 22 serum samples from different regions that had high levels of viral DNA for amplification and sequenced their ORF2 (Cap) gene. According to the phylogenetic analysis, all isolates in the current study could be grouped into two separate subclades, with 15 strains belonging to clade 3a and 7 strains belonging to clade 3b, indicating that PCV3a and PCV3b were the predominant subtypes in the regions of China studied. Meanwhile, additional analysis revealed that the capsid gene sequences identified in this study displayed 97.46~99.8% nucleotide (nt) and 97.06~100% amino acid (aa) sequence similarity with other PCV3 available reference strains, respectively. In general, our studies provide important insights for understanding the prevalence and evolution of PCV3 in China and will guide future efforts to develop measures for preventing and controlling the disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:36:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90a9ae7452cb4385b1dc0a47076ca7aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:36:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-90a9ae7452cb4385b1dc0a47076ca7aa2023-11-23T15:15:41ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-06-011212158810.3390/ani12121588Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022Dengjin Chen0Yi Huang1Yating Guo2Lihong Wang3Yongning Zhang4Lei Zhou5Xinna Ge6Jun Han7Xin Guo8Hanchun Yang9Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaPorcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus, causing substantial economic losses in pig populations, that was first detected in 2016. Furthermore, the virus has already been reported in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, including China, indicating that the virus has spread worldwide. However, the molecular epidemiology of PCV3 still needs further study. To investigate PCV3 epidemiological characteristics in China, 2707 serum samples of pigs were randomly collected from 17 provinces in China between September 2018 and March 2022 and analyzed via PCR assays. The study showed that PCV3 infection was prevalent in the overall population with 31.07% (841/2707) and 100.0% (17/17) at sample and province levels, respectively, though the positivity rate of PCV3 varied from 7.41 to 70.0% in different provinces, suggesting that PCV3 infection has a widespread distribution in China. We selected 22 serum samples from different regions that had high levels of viral DNA for amplification and sequenced their ORF2 (Cap) gene. According to the phylogenetic analysis, all isolates in the current study could be grouped into two separate subclades, with 15 strains belonging to clade 3a and 7 strains belonging to clade 3b, indicating that PCV3a and PCV3b were the predominant subtypes in the regions of China studied. Meanwhile, additional analysis revealed that the capsid gene sequences identified in this study displayed 97.46~99.8% nucleotide (nt) and 97.06~100% amino acid (aa) sequence similarity with other PCV3 available reference strains, respectively. In general, our studies provide important insights for understanding the prevalence and evolution of PCV3 in China and will guide future efforts to develop measures for preventing and controlling the disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1588prevalencephylogenetic analysisporcine circovirus 3 |
| spellingShingle | Dengjin Chen Yi Huang Yating Guo Lihong Wang Yongning Zhang Lei Zhou Xinna Ge Jun Han Xin Guo Hanchun Yang Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 Animals prevalence phylogenetic analysis porcine circovirus 3 |
| title | Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 |
| title_full | Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 |
| title_short | Prevalence and Evolution Analysis of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China from 2018 to 2022 |
| title_sort | prevalence and evolution analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in china from 2018 to 2022 |
| topic | prevalence phylogenetic analysis porcine circovirus 3 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/12/1588 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dengjinchen prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT yihuang prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT yatingguo prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT lihongwang prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT yongningzhang prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT leizhou prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT xinnage prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT junhan prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT xinguo prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 AT hanchunyang prevalenceandevolutionanalysisofporcinecircovirus3inchinafrom2018to2022 |