Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.

So far, numerous genes have been found to associate with various strategies to resist and transform the toxic metalloid arsenic (here, we denote these genes as "arsenic-related genes"). However, our knowledge of the distribution, redundancies and organization of these genes in bacteria is...

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Main Authors: Xiangyang Li, Linshuang Zhang, Gejiao Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3954881?pdf=render
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author Xiangyang Li
Linshuang Zhang
Gejiao Wang
author_facet Xiangyang Li
Linshuang Zhang
Gejiao Wang
author_sort Xiangyang Li
collection DOAJ
description So far, numerous genes have been found to associate with various strategies to resist and transform the toxic metalloid arsenic (here, we denote these genes as "arsenic-related genes"). However, our knowledge of the distribution, redundancies and organization of these genes in bacteria is still limited. In this study, we analyzed the 188 Burkholderiales genomes and found that 95% genomes harbored arsenic-related genes, with an average of 6.6 genes per genome. The results indicated: a) compared to a low frequency of distribution for aio (arsenite oxidase) (12 strains), arr (arsenate respiratory reductase) (1 strain) and arsM (arsenite methytransferase)-like genes (4 strains), the ars (arsenic resistance system)-like genes were identified in 174 strains including 1,051 genes; b) 2/3 ars-like genes were clustered as ars operon and displayed a high diversity of gene organizations (68 forms) which may suggest the rapid movement and evolution for ars-like genes in bacterial genomes; c) the arsenite efflux system was dominant with ACR3 form rather than ArsB in Burkholderiales; d) only a few numbers of arsM and arrAB are found indicating neither As III biomethylation nor AsV respiration is the primary mechanism in Burkholderiales members; (e) the aio-like gene is mostly flanked with ars-like genes and phosphate transport system, implying the close functional relatedness between arsenic and phosphorus metabolisms. On average, the number of arsenic-related genes per genome of strains isolated from arsenic-rich environments is more than four times higher than the strains from other environments. Compared with human, plant and animal pathogens, the environmental strains possess a larger average number of arsenic-related genes, which indicates that habitat is likely a key driver for bacterial arsenic resistance.
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spelling doaj.art-90abf22a28ba4966990587691883f6f62022-12-22T00:07:32ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0193e9223610.1371/journal.pone.0092236Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.Xiangyang LiLinshuang ZhangGejiao WangSo far, numerous genes have been found to associate with various strategies to resist and transform the toxic metalloid arsenic (here, we denote these genes as "arsenic-related genes"). However, our knowledge of the distribution, redundancies and organization of these genes in bacteria is still limited. In this study, we analyzed the 188 Burkholderiales genomes and found that 95% genomes harbored arsenic-related genes, with an average of 6.6 genes per genome. The results indicated: a) compared to a low frequency of distribution for aio (arsenite oxidase) (12 strains), arr (arsenate respiratory reductase) (1 strain) and arsM (arsenite methytransferase)-like genes (4 strains), the ars (arsenic resistance system)-like genes were identified in 174 strains including 1,051 genes; b) 2/3 ars-like genes were clustered as ars operon and displayed a high diversity of gene organizations (68 forms) which may suggest the rapid movement and evolution for ars-like genes in bacterial genomes; c) the arsenite efflux system was dominant with ACR3 form rather than ArsB in Burkholderiales; d) only a few numbers of arsM and arrAB are found indicating neither As III biomethylation nor AsV respiration is the primary mechanism in Burkholderiales members; (e) the aio-like gene is mostly flanked with ars-like genes and phosphate transport system, implying the close functional relatedness between arsenic and phosphorus metabolisms. On average, the number of arsenic-related genes per genome of strains isolated from arsenic-rich environments is more than four times higher than the strains from other environments. Compared with human, plant and animal pathogens, the environmental strains possess a larger average number of arsenic-related genes, which indicates that habitat is likely a key driver for bacterial arsenic resistance.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3954881?pdf=render
spellingShingle Xiangyang Li
Linshuang Zhang
Gejiao Wang
Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
PLoS ONE
title Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
title_full Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
title_fullStr Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
title_full_unstemmed Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
title_short Genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic-related genes in Burkholderiales.
title_sort genomic evidence reveals the extreme diversity and wide distribution of the arsenic related genes in burkholderiales
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3954881?pdf=render
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