Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults
Background: The association between fruit and vegetable intake, considering both quantity and variety, and weight change among older adults remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures among community-dw...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4096 |
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| author | Shu-Yi Li Jason C. S. Leung Zhi-Hui Lu Timothy C. Y. Kwok |
| author_facet | Shu-Yi Li Jason C. S. Leung Zhi-Hui Lu Timothy C. Y. Kwok |
| author_sort | Shu-Yi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The association between fruit and vegetable intake, considering both quantity and variety, and weight change among older adults remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods: A total of 2944 participants aged ≥65 years from Hong Kong communities were included. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated by a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. Adiposity measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat and lean mass) were assessed at baseline and the year four follow-up. Restricted cubic spline and logistic models were performed to estimate the associations between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures. Results: A nonlinear association between vegetable intake and weight change was found, following a J-shape curve. Increased vegetable intake was associated with less increases in weight, BMI, and fat mass among those below median intakes. However, these associations became insignificant at higher intakes (all <i>P</i>-nonlinearity < 0.05). The ORs (95% CIs) for weight gain across the quartiles of vegetable intake were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.56, 1.17), 0.55 (0.36, 0.83), and 0.88 (0.58, 1.33). Similar patterns were observed in overweight and normal weight participants, but not in those with low body weight. No associations with weight change were found for fruit intake or fruit and vegetable variety. Conclusions: Moderate vegetable intake was associated with less weight gain among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, but not in those with low body weight. No association was observed between fruit intake or variety with weight change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:38:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90ac88370d0d49f1b9f98f5bfbde2ce4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:38:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-90ac88370d0d49f1b9f98f5bfbde2ce42023-11-19T14:50:08ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-09-011519409610.3390/nu15194096Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older AdultsShu-Yi Li0Jason C. S. Leung1Zhi-Hui Lu2Timothy C. Y. Kwok3Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaJockey Club Centre for Osteoporosis Care and Control, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaBackground: The association between fruit and vegetable intake, considering both quantity and variety, and weight change among older adults remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods: A total of 2944 participants aged ≥65 years from Hong Kong communities were included. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated by a locally validated food frequency questionnaire. Adiposity measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat and lean mass) were assessed at baseline and the year four follow-up. Restricted cubic spline and logistic models were performed to estimate the associations between fruit and vegetable intake, variety, and changes in adiposity measures. Results: A nonlinear association between vegetable intake and weight change was found, following a J-shape curve. Increased vegetable intake was associated with less increases in weight, BMI, and fat mass among those below median intakes. However, these associations became insignificant at higher intakes (all <i>P</i>-nonlinearity < 0.05). The ORs (95% CIs) for weight gain across the quartiles of vegetable intake were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.56, 1.17), 0.55 (0.36, 0.83), and 0.88 (0.58, 1.33). Similar patterns were observed in overweight and normal weight participants, but not in those with low body weight. No associations with weight change were found for fruit intake or fruit and vegetable variety. Conclusions: Moderate vegetable intake was associated with less weight gain among community-dwelling Chinese older adults, but not in those with low body weight. No association was observed between fruit intake or variety with weight change.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4096fruitvegetablebody weightfat massolder adults |
| spellingShingle | Shu-Yi Li Jason C. S. Leung Zhi-Hui Lu Timothy C. Y. Kwok Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults Nutrients fruit vegetable body weight fat mass older adults |
| title | Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults |
| title_full | Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults |
| title_fullStr | Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults |
| title_short | Quantity and Variety of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Changes in Measures of Adiposity among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults |
| title_sort | quantity and variety of fruit and vegetable intake with changes in measures of adiposity among community dwelling chinese older adults |
| topic | fruit vegetable body weight fat mass older adults |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/19/4096 |
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