Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities
Objective: This investigation aimed to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of allicin (AC) by encapsulating it in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) decorated with chitosan (CS)-conjugated folic acid (FA). Material and Methods: Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by high-pressure homog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/7/10.31083/j.fbl2807135 |
| _version_ | 1827888959814893568 |
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| author | Faris J. Alyasiri Maryam Ghobeh Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi |
| author_facet | Faris J. Alyasiri Maryam Ghobeh Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi |
| author_sort | Faris J. Alyasiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This investigation aimed to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of allicin (AC) by encapsulating it in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) decorated with chitosan (CS)-conjugated folic acid (FA). Material and Methods: Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by high-pressure homogenization, and then, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential methods were used to determine their physicochemical characteristics. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of toxicity and flow cytometry, while fluorescent staining methods were used to investigate the type of cell death. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of apoptotic genes: Bcl-2, and caspase-8. Results: The presence of AC-SLN-CS-FA with a spherical morphology, an average size of 86.7 ± 9.4 nm, uniform distribution (0.31), a surface charge of +21.3 ± 13.3 mV, an encapsulation percentage of 86.3%, and a folate binding rate of 63% confirmed the success of the preparation method. Suppression of MCF-7 cancer cells and non-toxicity of AC-SLN-CS-FA on Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) normal cells were confirmed by cytotoxic assay. The results of flow cytometry revealed that the cells were arrested in the sub-G1 phase, and the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was confirmed by the results of real-time qPCR. Conclusions: In general, AC-SLN-CS-FA has the potential to prevent free radicals and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; thus, making it a promising subject in preclinical research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:47:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90b8d4370b5140d489e2737944c1c6b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2768-6701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:47:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
| spelling | doaj.art-90b8d4370b5140d489e2737944c1c6b02023-08-01T07:41:59ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2768-67012023-07-0128713510.31083/j.fbl2807135S2768-6701(23)00923-1Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant ActivitiesFaris J. Alyasiri0Maryam Ghobeh1Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi2Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1477893855 Tehran, IranDepartment of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1477893855 Tehran, IranDepartment of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, 91735 Mashhad, IranObjective: This investigation aimed to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of allicin (AC) by encapsulating it in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) decorated with chitosan (CS)-conjugated folic acid (FA). Material and Methods: Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by high-pressure homogenization, and then, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential methods were used to determine their physicochemical characteristics. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of toxicity and flow cytometry, while fluorescent staining methods were used to investigate the type of cell death. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of apoptotic genes: Bcl-2, and caspase-8. Results: The presence of AC-SLN-CS-FA with a spherical morphology, an average size of 86.7 ± 9.4 nm, uniform distribution (0.31), a surface charge of +21.3 ± 13.3 mV, an encapsulation percentage of 86.3%, and a folate binding rate of 63% confirmed the success of the preparation method. Suppression of MCF-7 cancer cells and non-toxicity of AC-SLN-CS-FA on Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) normal cells were confirmed by cytotoxic assay. The results of flow cytometry revealed that the cells were arrested in the sub-G1 phase, and the activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway was confirmed by the results of real-time qPCR. Conclusions: In general, AC-SLN-CS-FA has the potential to prevent free radicals and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway; thus, making it a promising subject in preclinical research.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/7/10.31083/j.fbl2807135baxsolid lipid nanocarrierallicinchitosananticancerencapsulation |
| spellingShingle | Faris J. Alyasiri Maryam Ghobeh Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark bax solid lipid nanocarrier allicin chitosan anticancer encapsulation |
| title | Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities |
| title_full | Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities |
| title_fullStr | Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities |
| title_short | Preparation and Characterization of Allicin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Surface-Functionalized with Folic Acid-Bonded Chitosan: In Vitro Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities |
| title_sort | preparation and characterization of allicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surface functionalized with folic acid bonded chitosan in vitro anticancer and antioxidant activities |
| topic | bax solid lipid nanocarrier allicin chitosan anticancer encapsulation |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/28/7/10.31083/j.fbl2807135 |
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