SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber
Ground tire rubber (GTR) is used to decrease the cost of vulcanizates. However, insufficient interactions between GTR particles and rubber matrices make mechanical properties of vulcanizates containing GTR deteriorate. This paper compares original methods of GTR modification. The effects of surface...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3991 |
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| author | Katarzyna Klajn Tomasz Gozdek Dariusz M. Bieliński Mariusz Siciński Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierała Zbigniew Pędzich |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Klajn Tomasz Gozdek Dariusz M. Bieliński Mariusz Siciński Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierała Zbigniew Pędzich |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Klajn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ground tire rubber (GTR) is used to decrease the cost of vulcanizates. However, insufficient interactions between GTR particles and rubber matrices make mechanical properties of vulcanizates containing GTR deteriorate. This paper compares original methods of GTR modification. The effects of surface activation of GTR by sulfuric acid (A), its modification by (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxy silane (M), or the hybrid treatment—combining both approaches (H), were analyzed in terms of surface energy, specific surface area and morphology of GTR particles. Vulcanizates containing virgin GTR were compared to the rubber filled with the modified GTR particles keeping the same amount of CB in the rubber mix, according to their crosslink density, mechanical and tribological properties. Contrary to the virgin GTR, the addition of modified GTR increases the stiffness of the vulcanizates. The highest changes have been observed for the samples filled with ca. 12 phr of the GTR modified with silane and ca. 25 phr of the GTR subjected to the hybrid treatment, representing the highest crosslink density of rubber vulcanizates filled with GTR. Furthermore, the addition of modified GTR, especially in the case of the samples where 10 phr of rubber was replaced, results in the significant lowering of friction but higher abrasive wear. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:33:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90b932e0677a4175a5efe2a1a55dd842 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:33:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-90b932e0677a4175a5efe2a1a55dd8422023-11-22T04:17:58ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-011414399110.3390/ma14143991SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire RubberKatarzyna Klajn0Tomasz Gozdek1Dariusz M. Bieliński2Mariusz Siciński3Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierała4Zbigniew Pędzich5Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Polymer & Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Ceramics and Refractories, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Ceramics and Refractories, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, PolandGround tire rubber (GTR) is used to decrease the cost of vulcanizates. However, insufficient interactions between GTR particles and rubber matrices make mechanical properties of vulcanizates containing GTR deteriorate. This paper compares original methods of GTR modification. The effects of surface activation of GTR by sulfuric acid (A), its modification by (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxy silane (M), or the hybrid treatment—combining both approaches (H), were analyzed in terms of surface energy, specific surface area and morphology of GTR particles. Vulcanizates containing virgin GTR were compared to the rubber filled with the modified GTR particles keeping the same amount of CB in the rubber mix, according to their crosslink density, mechanical and tribological properties. Contrary to the virgin GTR, the addition of modified GTR increases the stiffness of the vulcanizates. The highest changes have been observed for the samples filled with ca. 12 phr of the GTR modified with silane and ca. 25 phr of the GTR subjected to the hybrid treatment, representing the highest crosslink density of rubber vulcanizates filled with GTR. Furthermore, the addition of modified GTR, especially in the case of the samples where 10 phr of rubber was replaced, results in the significant lowering of friction but higher abrasive wear.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3991GTRsurface modificationacid activationsilanizationrubber vulcanizatesmechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Klajn Tomasz Gozdek Dariusz M. Bieliński Mariusz Siciński Magdalena Zarzecka-Napierała Zbigniew Pędzich SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber Materials GTR surface modification acid activation silanization rubber vulcanizates mechanical properties |
| title | SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber |
| title_full | SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber |
| title_fullStr | SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber |
| title_full_unstemmed | SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber |
| title_short | SBR Vulcanizates Filled with Modified Ground Tire Rubber |
| title_sort | sbr vulcanizates filled with modified ground tire rubber |
| topic | GTR surface modification acid activation silanization rubber vulcanizates mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/14/3991 |
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