Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels
This study has evaluated the removal efficiencies of phosphate ions (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) using pristine (TB) and chemical-activated tangerine peel biochars. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm presented that the enhanced physicochemical properties of TB surface thro...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| author | Changgil Son Wonyeol An Geonhee Lee Inho Jeong Yong-Gu Lee Kangmin Chon |
| author_facet | Changgil Son Wonyeol An Geonhee Lee Inho Jeong Yong-Gu Lee Kangmin Chon |
| author_sort | Changgil Son |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study has evaluated the removal efficiencies of phosphate ions (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) using pristine (TB) and chemical-activated tangerine peel biochars. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm presented that the enhanced physicochemical properties of TB surface through the chemical activation with CaCl<sub>2</sub> (CTB) and FeCl<sub>3</sub> (FTB) were helpful in the adsorption capacities of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> (equilibrium adsorption capacity: FTB (1.655 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) > CTB (0.354 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) > TB (0.104 mg g<sup>−1</sup>)). The adsorption kinetics results revealed that PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by TB, CTB, and FTB was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) than the pseudo-first-order model (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.929). The adsorption isotherm models showed that the Freundlich equation was suitable for PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by TB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.975) and CTB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.955). In contrast, the Langmuir equation was proper for PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by FTB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.987). The PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal efficiency of CTB and FTB decreased with the ionic strength increased due to the compression of the electrical double layer on the CTB and FTB surfaces. Besides, the PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> adsorptions by TB, CTB, and FTB were spontaneous endothermic reactions. These findings demonstrated FTB was the most promising method for removing PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> in waters. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-90bd70734cb34cab994ab0f0a33e31002023-11-21T10:23:49ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392021-03-01833210.3390/separations8030032Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine PeelsChanggil Son0Wonyeol An1Geonhee Lee2Inho Jeong3Yong-Gu Lee4Kangmin Chon5Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaDepartment of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, 1, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, KoreaThis study has evaluated the removal efficiencies of phosphate ions (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>) using pristine (TB) and chemical-activated tangerine peel biochars. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm presented that the enhanced physicochemical properties of TB surface through the chemical activation with CaCl<sub>2</sub> (CTB) and FeCl<sub>3</sub> (FTB) were helpful in the adsorption capacities of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> (equilibrium adsorption capacity: FTB (1.655 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) > CTB (0.354 mg g<sup>−1</sup>) > TB (0.104 mg g<sup>−1</sup>)). The adsorption kinetics results revealed that PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by TB, CTB, and FTB was well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999) than the pseudo-first-order model (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.929). The adsorption isotherm models showed that the Freundlich equation was suitable for PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by TB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.975) and CTB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.955). In contrast, the Langmuir equation was proper for PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal by FTB (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.987). The PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> removal efficiency of CTB and FTB decreased with the ionic strength increased due to the compression of the electrical double layer on the CTB and FTB surfaces. Besides, the PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> adsorptions by TB, CTB, and FTB were spontaneous endothermic reactions. These findings demonstrated FTB was the most promising method for removing PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup> in waters.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/3/32adsorptionbiocharchemical activationphosphate ionstangerine peel |
| spellingShingle | Changgil Son Wonyeol An Geonhee Lee Inho Jeong Yong-Gu Lee Kangmin Chon Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels Separations adsorption biochar chemical activation phosphate ions tangerine peel |
| title | Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels |
| title_full | Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels |
| title_fullStr | Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels |
| title_short | Adsorption Characteristics of Phosphate Ions by Pristine, CaCl<sub>2</sub> and FeCl<sub>3</sub>-Activated Biochars Originated from Tangerine Peels |
| title_sort | adsorption characteristics of phosphate ions by pristine cacl sub 2 sub and fecl sub 3 sub activated biochars originated from tangerine peels |
| topic | adsorption biochar chemical activation phosphate ions tangerine peel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/8/3/32 |
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