The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain
Chinese cordyceps is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine that forms after Ophiocordyceps sinensis parasitizes ghost moth larvae. The low natural infection rate of O. sinensis limits large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps, and the invasion process is unclear. To in...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.974323/full |
| _version_ | 1798026382691794944 |
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| author | Peipei Wu Peipei Wu Qilian Qin Jihong Zhang Huan Zhang Xuan Li Hongtuo Wang Qian Meng |
| author_facet | Peipei Wu Peipei Wu Qilian Qin Jihong Zhang Huan Zhang Xuan Li Hongtuo Wang Qian Meng |
| author_sort | Peipei Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chinese cordyceps is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine that forms after Ophiocordyceps sinensis parasitizes ghost moth larvae. The low natural infection rate of O. sinensis limits large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps, and the invasion process is unclear. To investigate the temporal and spatial regulation when O. sinensis enters ghost moths, we constructed an O. sinensis transformant that stably expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP). Inoculating Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae with a high concentration of GFP-labeled O. sinensis, we observed that O. sinensis conidia could adhere to the host cuticle within 2 days, germinate penetration pegs within 4 days, and produce blastospores in the host hemocoel within 6 days. The reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) structures of the invasion sites showed that penetration pegs germinated directly from O. sinensis conidia at the joining site with the larval cuticle. Differentiated appressoria or hyphae along the host epicuticle are not required for O. sinensis to invade ghost moths. Overall, the specific invasion process of O. sinensis into its host is clarified, and we provided a new perspective on the invasion process of entomopathogenic fungi. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90d43ec305194d3e9aa2beedb64813ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-90d43ec305194d3e9aa2beedb64813ea2022-12-22T04:09:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-09-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.974323974323The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strainPeipei Wu0Peipei Wu1Qilian Qin2Jihong Zhang3Huan Zhang4Xuan Li5Hongtuo Wang6Qian Meng7State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaChinese cordyceps is a well-known and valuable traditional Chinese medicine that forms after Ophiocordyceps sinensis parasitizes ghost moth larvae. The low natural infection rate of O. sinensis limits large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps, and the invasion process is unclear. To investigate the temporal and spatial regulation when O. sinensis enters ghost moths, we constructed an O. sinensis transformant that stably expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP). Inoculating Thitarodes xiaojinensis larvae with a high concentration of GFP-labeled O. sinensis, we observed that O. sinensis conidia could adhere to the host cuticle within 2 days, germinate penetration pegs within 4 days, and produce blastospores in the host hemocoel within 6 days. The reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) structures of the invasion sites showed that penetration pegs germinated directly from O. sinensis conidia at the joining site with the larval cuticle. Differentiated appressoria or hyphae along the host epicuticle are not required for O. sinensis to invade ghost moths. Overall, the specific invasion process of O. sinensis into its host is clarified, and we provided a new perspective on the invasion process of entomopathogenic fungi.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.974323/fullChinese cordycepsentomopathogenic fungithree-dimensional structureinfectiontegument invasion |
| spellingShingle | Peipei Wu Peipei Wu Qilian Qin Jihong Zhang Huan Zhang Xuan Li Hongtuo Wang Qian Meng The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain Frontiers in Microbiology Chinese cordyceps entomopathogenic fungi three-dimensional structure infection tegument invasion |
| title | The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain |
| title_full | The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain |
| title_fullStr | The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain |
| title_full_unstemmed | The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain |
| title_short | The invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths (Thitarodes xiaojinensis) using a GFP-labeled strain |
| title_sort | invasion process of the entomopathogenic fungus ophiocordyceps sinensis into the larvae of ghost moths thitarodes xiaojinensis using a gfp labeled strain |
| topic | Chinese cordyceps entomopathogenic fungi three-dimensional structure infection tegument invasion |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.974323/full |
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