Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders
Flavonoids are hydroxylated phenolic substances in vegetables, fruits, flowers, seeds, wine, tea, nuts, propolis, and honey. They belong to a versatile category of natural polyphenolic compounds. Their biological function depends on various factors such as their chemical structure, degree of hydroxy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/671 |
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| author | Khusbu Dwivedi Ashok Kumar Mandal Obaid Afzal Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi Ankit Sahoo Manal A. Alossaimi Waleed H. Almalki Abdulaziz Alzahrani Md. Abul Barkat Tahani M. Almeleebia Shehla Nasar Mir Najib Ullah Mahfoozur Rahman |
| author_facet | Khusbu Dwivedi Ashok Kumar Mandal Obaid Afzal Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi Ankit Sahoo Manal A. Alossaimi Waleed H. Almalki Abdulaziz Alzahrani Md. Abul Barkat Tahani M. Almeleebia Shehla Nasar Mir Najib Ullah Mahfoozur Rahman |
| author_sort | Khusbu Dwivedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavonoids are hydroxylated phenolic substances in vegetables, fruits, flowers, seeds, wine, tea, nuts, propolis, and honey. They belong to a versatile category of natural polyphenolic compounds. Their biological function depends on various factors such as their chemical structure, degree of hydroxylation, degree of polymerization conjugation, and substitutions. Flavonoids have gained considerable attention among researchers, as they show a wide range of pharmacological activities, including coronary heart disease prevention, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, free-radical scavenging, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Plants synthesize flavonoid compounds in response to pathogen attacks, and these compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. However, certain antibacterial flavonoids have the ability to selectively target the cell wall of bacteria and inhibit virulence factors, including biofilm formation. Moreover, some flavonoids are known to reverse antibiotic resistance and enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotic drugs. However, due to their poor solubility in water, flavonoids have limited oral bioavailability. They are quickly metabolized in the gastrointestinal region, which limits their ability to prevent and treat various disorders. The integration of flavonoids into nanomedicine constitutes a viable strategy for achieving efficient cutaneous delivery owing to their favorable encapsulation capacity and diminished toxicity. The utilization of nanoparticles or nanoformulations facilitates drug delivery by targeting the drug to the specific site of action and exhibits excellent physicochemical stability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90de26d672f14170922a664fa9521f49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:55:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-90de26d672f14170922a664fa9521f492023-11-19T01:14:11ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-08-019867110.3390/gels9080671Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious DisordersKhusbu Dwivedi0Ashok Kumar Mandal1Obaid Afzal2Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi3Ankit Sahoo4Manal A. Alossaimi5Waleed H. Almalki6Abdulaziz Alzahrani7Md. Abul Barkat8Tahani M. Almeleebia9Shehla Nasar Mir Najib Ullah10Mahfoozur Rahman11Department of Pharmaceutics, Sambhunath Institute of Pharmacy Jhalwa, Prayagraj 211015, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaPharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFlavonoids are hydroxylated phenolic substances in vegetables, fruits, flowers, seeds, wine, tea, nuts, propolis, and honey. They belong to a versatile category of natural polyphenolic compounds. Their biological function depends on various factors such as their chemical structure, degree of hydroxylation, degree of polymerization conjugation, and substitutions. Flavonoids have gained considerable attention among researchers, as they show a wide range of pharmacological activities, including coronary heart disease prevention, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, free-radical scavenging, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerotic activities. Plants synthesize flavonoid compounds in response to pathogen attacks, and these compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral) activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. However, certain antibacterial flavonoids have the ability to selectively target the cell wall of bacteria and inhibit virulence factors, including biofilm formation. Moreover, some flavonoids are known to reverse antibiotic resistance and enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotic drugs. However, due to their poor solubility in water, flavonoids have limited oral bioavailability. They are quickly metabolized in the gastrointestinal region, which limits their ability to prevent and treat various disorders. The integration of flavonoids into nanomedicine constitutes a viable strategy for achieving efficient cutaneous delivery owing to their favorable encapsulation capacity and diminished toxicity. The utilization of nanoparticles or nanoformulations facilitates drug delivery by targeting the drug to the specific site of action and exhibits excellent physicochemical stability.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/671flavonoidsnanomedicinetopical infectionencapsulationdrug delivery systemsnanogel |
| spellingShingle | Khusbu Dwivedi Ashok Kumar Mandal Obaid Afzal Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi Ankit Sahoo Manal A. Alossaimi Waleed H. Almalki Abdulaziz Alzahrani Md. Abul Barkat Tahani M. Almeleebia Shehla Nasar Mir Najib Ullah Mahfoozur Rahman Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders Gels flavonoids nanomedicine topical infection encapsulation drug delivery systems nanogel |
| title | Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders |
| title_full | Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders |
| title_short | Emergence of Nano-Based Formulations for Effective Delivery of Flavonoids against Topical Infectious Disorders |
| title_sort | emergence of nano based formulations for effective delivery of flavonoids against topical infectious disorders |
| topic | flavonoids nanomedicine topical infection encapsulation drug delivery systems nanogel |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/671 |
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