Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies
Improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings by implementing building automation control strategies (BACS) besides building envelope and energy system retrofitting has been recommended by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018. This paper investigated this recommendation...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/10/11/200 |
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| author | Laurina C. Felius Mohamed Hamdy Fredrik Dessen Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn |
| author_facet | Laurina C. Felius Mohamed Hamdy Fredrik Dessen Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn |
| author_sort | Laurina C. Felius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings by implementing building automation control strategies (BACS) besides building envelope and energy system retrofitting has been recommended by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018. This paper investigated this recommendation by conducting a simulation-based optimization to explore cost-effective retrofitting combinations of building envelope, energy systems and BACS measures in-line with automation standard EN 15232. Two cases (i.e., a typical single-family house and apartment block) were modeled and simulated using IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE). The built-in optimization tool, GenOpt, was used to minimize energy consumption as the single objective function. The associated difference in life cycle cost, compared to the reference design, was calculated for each optimization iteration. Thermal comfort of the optimized solutions was assessed to verify the thermal comfort acceptability. Installing an air source heat pump had a greater energy-saving potential than reducing heat losses through the building envelope. Implementing BACS achieved cost-effective energy savings up to 24%. Energy savings up to 57% were estimated when BACS was combined with the other retrofitting measures. Particularly for compact buildings, where the potential of reducing heat losses through the envelope is limited, the impact of BACS increased. BACS also improved the thermal comfort. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:07:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90f5f0993f3642d3977cb17e9738bace |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:07:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-90f5f0993f3642d3977cb17e9738bace2023-11-20T19:41:52ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092020-11-01101120010.3390/buildings10110200Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case StudiesLaurina C. Felius0Mohamed Hamdy1Fredrik Dessen2Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Engineering Cybernetics, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayImproving the energy efficiency of existing buildings by implementing building automation control strategies (BACS) besides building envelope and energy system retrofitting has been recommended by the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2018. This paper investigated this recommendation by conducting a simulation-based optimization to explore cost-effective retrofitting combinations of building envelope, energy systems and BACS measures in-line with automation standard EN 15232. Two cases (i.e., a typical single-family house and apartment block) were modeled and simulated using IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA-ICE). The built-in optimization tool, GenOpt, was used to minimize energy consumption as the single objective function. The associated difference in life cycle cost, compared to the reference design, was calculated for each optimization iteration. Thermal comfort of the optimized solutions was assessed to verify the thermal comfort acceptability. Installing an air source heat pump had a greater energy-saving potential than reducing heat losses through the building envelope. Implementing BACS achieved cost-effective energy savings up to 24%. Energy savings up to 57% were estimated when BACS was combined with the other retrofitting measures. Particularly for compact buildings, where the potential of reducing heat losses through the envelope is limited, the impact of BACS increased. BACS also improved the thermal comfort.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/10/11/200smart retrofittingresidential buildingsbuilding automation control strategiesenergy optimizationenergy efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Laurina C. Felius Mohamed Hamdy Fredrik Dessen Bozena Dorota Hrynyszyn Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies Buildings smart retrofitting residential buildings building automation control strategies energy optimization energy efficiency |
| title | Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies |
| title_full | Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies |
| title_fullStr | Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies |
| title_short | Upgrading the Smartness of Retrofitting Packages towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Cold Climate Countries: Two Case Studies |
| title_sort | upgrading the smartness of retrofitting packages towards energy efficient residential buildings in cold climate countries two case studies |
| topic | smart retrofitting residential buildings building automation control strategies energy optimization energy efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/10/11/200 |
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