A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters
The 3 × 3 demodulation algorithm has been widely used in retrieving the phase information in the optical fiber sensing system, while the asymmetry of the 3 × 3 coupler can introduce some distortions. In this situation, the parameters of the 3 × 3 coupler can be calibrated by the ellipse fitting meth...
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6180 |
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| author | Yichi Zhang Jianfei Wang Mo Chen Mingyang Wang Yan Liang Zhou Meng |
| author_facet | Yichi Zhang Jianfei Wang Mo Chen Mingyang Wang Yan Liang Zhou Meng |
| author_sort | Yichi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 3 × 3 demodulation algorithm has been widely used in retrieving the phase information in the optical fiber sensing system, while the asymmetry of the 3 × 3 coupler can introduce some distortions. In this situation, the parameters of the 3 × 3 coupler can be calibrated by the ellipse fitting method to remove the distortions. Conducting a frequency modulation on the laser, together with an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, makes the ellipse fitting method implemented, which is more appropriate for all-optical sensing. Unexpectedly, the auxiliary amplitude modulation of the laser induced by the frequency modulation is inevitable, leading to the deterioration of the calibration. In this paper, the influence of the auxiliary amplitude modulation on the calibration of the asymmetric parameters is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally, on the basis of which a convenient but highly efficient method for acquiring the output of the laser and removing related items from the interferometric signals is put forward. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed solution is tested experimentally, and the results show that the mean square errors of the fittings and the variation coefficients of the calibrated parameter sequences are at the scale of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively, indicating that the method performs very well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-90f60dfaf22749ef8f0b460c264e0edb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:14:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-90f60dfaf22749ef8f0b460c264e0edb2023-11-20T19:08:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012021618010.3390/s20216180A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric ParametersYichi Zhang0Jianfei Wang1Mo Chen2Mingyang Wang3Yan Liang4Zhou Meng5College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaThe 3 × 3 demodulation algorithm has been widely used in retrieving the phase information in the optical fiber sensing system, while the asymmetry of the 3 × 3 coupler can introduce some distortions. In this situation, the parameters of the 3 × 3 coupler can be calibrated by the ellipse fitting method to remove the distortions. Conducting a frequency modulation on the laser, together with an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, makes the ellipse fitting method implemented, which is more appropriate for all-optical sensing. Unexpectedly, the auxiliary amplitude modulation of the laser induced by the frequency modulation is inevitable, leading to the deterioration of the calibration. In this paper, the influence of the auxiliary amplitude modulation on the calibration of the asymmetric parameters is analyzed theoretically and verified experimentally, on the basis of which a convenient but highly efficient method for acquiring the output of the laser and removing related items from the interferometric signals is put forward. The feasibility and robustness of the proposed solution is tested experimentally, and the results show that the mean square errors of the fittings and the variation coefficients of the calibrated parameter sequences are at the scale of <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively, indicating that the method performs very well.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6180optical fiber sensing system3 × 3 demodulation algorithmcalibration of the asymmetric parametersellipse fittingfrequency modulationelimination of the auxiliary amplitude modulation |
| spellingShingle | Yichi Zhang Jianfei Wang Mo Chen Mingyang Wang Yan Liang Zhou Meng A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters Sensors optical fiber sensing system 3 × 3 demodulation algorithm calibration of the asymmetric parameters ellipse fitting frequency modulation elimination of the auxiliary amplitude modulation |
| title | A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters |
| title_full | A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters |
| title_fullStr | A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters |
| title_short | A Method to Eliminate the Influence of Frequency-Modulating-Induced Auxiliary Amplitude Modulation on the Calibration of 3 × 3 Coupler Asymmetric Parameters |
| title_sort | method to eliminate the influence of frequency modulating induced auxiliary amplitude modulation on the calibration of 3 3 coupler asymmetric parameters |
| topic | optical fiber sensing system 3 × 3 demodulation algorithm calibration of the asymmetric parameters ellipse fitting frequency modulation elimination of the auxiliary amplitude modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/21/6180 |
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