Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran
Abstract Background Depression disorders are a leading cause of disability in the world which imposes a significant economic burden on patients and societies The present study aimed to determine the economic burden of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the patients referred to the reference psychiat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04220-7 |
| _version_ | 1798004445624139776 |
|---|---|
| author | Khosro Keshavarz Arvin Hedayati Mojtaba Rezaei Zahra Goudarzi Ebrahim Moghimi Mehdi Rezaee Farhad Lotfi |
| author_facet | Khosro Keshavarz Arvin Hedayati Mojtaba Rezaei Zahra Goudarzi Ebrahim Moghimi Mehdi Rezaee Farhad Lotfi |
| author_sort | Khosro Keshavarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Depression disorders are a leading cause of disability in the world which imposes a significant economic burden on patients and societies The present study aimed to determine the economic burden of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the patients referred to the reference psychiatric single-specialty hospitals in southern Iran in 2020. Methods This cross-sectional research is a partial economic evaluation and a cost-of-illness study conducted in southern Iran in 2020. A total of 563 patients were enrolled through the census method, and a researcher-made data collection form was used to gather the required information. The prevalence-based and the bottom-up approaches were also used to collect the cost information and calculate the costs, respectively. The data on direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs were obtained using the information in the patients’ medical records and insurance bills as well as their self-reports or those of their companions. To calculate the indirect costs, the human capital approach was used as well. Results The results showed that the annual cost of MDD was $ 2717.41 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (USD 2026.13) per patient in 2020. Direct medical costs accounted for the largest share of the costs (73.68%), of which hoteling and regular beds expenses were the highest (57.70% of the total direct medical costs). The shares of direct non-medical and indirect costs were 7.52 and 18.80%, respectively, and the economic burden of the disease in the country was estimated at $7,120,456,596 PPP (USD 5,309,088,699). Conclusion In general, due to the high prevalence of MDD and the chronicity of the disease, the costs of its treatment can impose a heavy economic burden on the society, healthcare system, insurance system, and the patients themselves. Therefore, it is suggested that health policymakers and managers should take appropriate measures to increase the basic and supplemental insurance coverage of these patients. In addition, in order to reduce the costs, proper and equitable distribution of psychiatrists and psychiatric beds, expansion of home care services, and use of Internet-based technologies and the cyberspace to follow up the treatment of these patients are recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:24:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-90fa3a0fc3d34d17a4e7349708a6bc8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:24:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-90fa3a0fc3d34d17a4e7349708a6bc8c2022-12-22T04:24:00ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2022-08-0122111010.1186/s12888-022-04220-7Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern IranKhosro Keshavarz0Arvin Hedayati1Mojtaba Rezaei2Zahra Goudarzi3Ebrahim Moghimi4Mehdi Rezaee5Farhad Lotfi6Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Ebnesina Hospital, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesHealth Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science Ebnesina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHealth Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Depression disorders are a leading cause of disability in the world which imposes a significant economic burden on patients and societies The present study aimed to determine the economic burden of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on the patients referred to the reference psychiatric single-specialty hospitals in southern Iran in 2020. Methods This cross-sectional research is a partial economic evaluation and a cost-of-illness study conducted in southern Iran in 2020. A total of 563 patients were enrolled through the census method, and a researcher-made data collection form was used to gather the required information. The prevalence-based and the bottom-up approaches were also used to collect the cost information and calculate the costs, respectively. The data on direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs were obtained using the information in the patients’ medical records and insurance bills as well as their self-reports or those of their companions. To calculate the indirect costs, the human capital approach was used as well. Results The results showed that the annual cost of MDD was $ 2717.41 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (USD 2026.13) per patient in 2020. Direct medical costs accounted for the largest share of the costs (73.68%), of which hoteling and regular beds expenses were the highest (57.70% of the total direct medical costs). The shares of direct non-medical and indirect costs were 7.52 and 18.80%, respectively, and the economic burden of the disease in the country was estimated at $7,120,456,596 PPP (USD 5,309,088,699). Conclusion In general, due to the high prevalence of MDD and the chronicity of the disease, the costs of its treatment can impose a heavy economic burden on the society, healthcare system, insurance system, and the patients themselves. Therefore, it is suggested that health policymakers and managers should take appropriate measures to increase the basic and supplemental insurance coverage of these patients. In addition, in order to reduce the costs, proper and equitable distribution of psychiatrists and psychiatric beds, expansion of home care services, and use of Internet-based technologies and the cyberspace to follow up the treatment of these patients are recommended.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04220-7Economic burdenMajor depressive disorderDirect medical costsDirect non-medical costsIndirect costs |
| spellingShingle | Khosro Keshavarz Arvin Hedayati Mojtaba Rezaei Zahra Goudarzi Ebrahim Moghimi Mehdi Rezaee Farhad Lotfi Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran BMC Psychiatry Economic burden Major depressive disorder Direct medical costs Direct non-medical costs Indirect costs |
| title | Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran |
| title_full | Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran |
| title_fullStr | Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran |
| title_short | Economic burden of major depressive disorder: a case study in Southern Iran |
| title_sort | economic burden of major depressive disorder a case study in southern iran |
| topic | Economic burden Major depressive disorder Direct medical costs Direct non-medical costs Indirect costs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04220-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khosrokeshavarz economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT arvinhedayati economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT mojtabarezaei economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT zahragoudarzi economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT ebrahimmoghimi economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT mehdirezaee economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran AT farhadlotfi economicburdenofmajordepressivedisorderacasestudyinsoutherniran |