Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i>
The biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cultivars (‘Plavac mali crni’, ‘Istrian Malvasia’, ‘Graševina...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3420 |
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| author | Katarina Lukšić Ana Mucalo Ana Smolko Lidija Brkljačić Luka Marinov Katarina Hančević Maja Ozretić Zoković Marijan Bubola Edi Maletić Jasminka Karoglan Kontić Marko Karoglan Branka Salopek-Sondi Goran Zdunić |
| author_facet | Katarina Lukšić Ana Mucalo Ana Smolko Lidija Brkljačić Luka Marinov Katarina Hančević Maja Ozretić Zoković Marijan Bubola Edi Maletić Jasminka Karoglan Kontić Marko Karoglan Branka Salopek-Sondi Goran Zdunić |
| author_sort | Katarina Lukšić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cultivars (‘Plavac mali crni’, ‘Istrian Malvasia’, ‘Graševina’, and ‘Tribidrag’), and one wild (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> subsp. <i>sylvestris</i>) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar ‘Istrian Malvasia’ responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg<sup>−1</sup> dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). ‘Graševina’ differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg<sup>−1</sup> dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (<i>TIP2</i>;<i>1</i> and <i>PIP2</i>;<i>1</i>) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene <i>NCED1</i> (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9103c65148974974b6178b00aee926c42023-11-19T14:54:09ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-09-011219342010.3390/plants12193420Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i>Katarina Lukšić0Ana Mucalo1Ana Smolko2Lidija Brkljačić3Luka Marinov4Katarina Hančević5Maja Ozretić Zoković6Marijan Bubola7Edi Maletić8Jasminka Karoglan Kontić9Marko Karoglan10Branka Salopek-Sondi11Goran Zdunić12Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaInstitute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, CroatiaDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaRuđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000 Split, CroatiaThe biochemical response and gene expression in different grapevine cultivars to water deficit are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the performance of four traditional Croatian <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cultivars (‘Plavac mali crni’, ‘Istrian Malvasia’, ‘Graševina’, and ‘Tribidrag’), and one wild (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> subsp. <i>sylvestris</i>) genotype exposed to water deficit (WD) for nine days under semi-controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Sampling for biochemical and gene expression analyses was performed at days six and nine from the beginning of WD treatment. The WD affected the accumulation of metabolites with a significant increase in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline in the leaves of the stressed genotypes when the WD continued for nine days. Lipid peroxidation (MDA) was not significantly different from that of the control plants after six days of WD, whereas it was significantly lower (297.40 nmol/g dw) in the stressed plants after nine days. The cultivar ‘Istrian Malvasia’ responded rapidly to the WD and showed the highest and earliest increase in ABA levels (1.16 ng mg<sup>−1</sup> dw, i.e., 3.4-fold increase compared to control). ‘Graševina’ differed significantly from the other genotypes in SA content at both time points analyzed (six and nine days, 47.26 and 49.63 ng mg<sup>−1</sup> dw, respectively). Proline level increased significantly under WD (up to 5-fold at day nine), and proline variation was not genotype driven. The expression of aquaporin genes (<i>TIP2</i>;<i>1</i> and <i>PIP2</i>;<i>1</i>) was down-regulated in all genotypes, coinciding with the accumulation of ABA. The gene <i>NCED1</i> (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) related to ABA was up-regulated in all genotypes under stress conditions and served as a reliable marker of drought stress. This work suggests that the stress response in metabolite synthesis and accumulation is complex, treatment- and genotype-dependent.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3420water deficitRT-qPCRaquaporinsABASA |
| spellingShingle | Katarina Lukšić Ana Mucalo Ana Smolko Lidija Brkljačić Luka Marinov Katarina Hančević Maja Ozretić Zoković Marijan Bubola Edi Maletić Jasminka Karoglan Kontić Marko Karoglan Branka Salopek-Sondi Goran Zdunić Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> Plants water deficit RT-qPCR aquaporins ABA SA |
| title | Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> |
| title_full | Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> |
| title_fullStr | Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> |
| title_short | Biochemical Response and Gene Expression to Water Deficit of Croatian Grapevine Cultivars (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) and a Specimen of <i>Vitis sylvestris</i> |
| title_sort | biochemical response and gene expression to water deficit of croatian grapevine cultivars i vitis vinifera i l and a specimen of i vitis sylvestris i |
| topic | water deficit RT-qPCR aquaporins ABA SA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/19/3420 |
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