TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion
We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian-mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of ${2.59}_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M...
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Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1a19 |
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author | Megan Delamer Shubham Kanodia Caleb I. Cañas Simon Müller Ravit Helled Andrea S. J. Lin Jessica E. Libby-Roberts Arvind F. Gupta Suvrath Mahadevan Johanna Teske R. Paul Butler Samuel W. Yee Jeffrey D. Crane Stephen Shectman David Osip Yuri Beletsky Andrew Monson Leslie Hebb Luke C. Powers John P. Wisniewski Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Jiayin Dong Te Han Joe P. Ninan Paul Robertson Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Guđmundur Stefánsson Jason T. Wright |
author_facet | Megan Delamer Shubham Kanodia Caleb I. Cañas Simon Müller Ravit Helled Andrea S. J. Lin Jessica E. Libby-Roberts Arvind F. Gupta Suvrath Mahadevan Johanna Teske R. Paul Butler Samuel W. Yee Jeffrey D. Crane Stephen Shectman David Osip Yuri Beletsky Andrew Monson Leslie Hebb Luke C. Powers John P. Wisniewski Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Jiayin Dong Te Han Joe P. Ninan Paul Robertson Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Guđmundur Stefánsson Jason T. Wright |
author_sort | Megan Delamer |
collection | DOAJ |
description | We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian-mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of ${2.59}_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M _J , making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M dwarf. The planet is ∼0.4% of the mass of its 0.63 M _⊙ host and may have a heavy-element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core accretion during the protoplanetary phase and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to take place either much earlier in the disk lifetime or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:05:00Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-9109bd2a3664411b840237a62f27c616 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2041-8205 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-08T02:05:00Z |
publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
publisher | IOP Publishing |
record_format | Article |
series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
spelling | doaj.art-9109bd2a3664411b840237a62f27c6162024-02-13T17:39:14ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019622L2210.3847/2041-8213/ad1a19TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core AccretionMegan Delamer0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1439-2781Shubham Kanodia1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-4300Caleb I. Cañas2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-0619Simon Müller3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-8377Ravit Helled4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-2652Andrea S. J. Lin5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-6337Jessica E. Libby-Roberts6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2990-7613Arvind F. Gupta7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-9980Suvrath Mahadevan8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7983Johanna Teske9https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2801-5040R. Paul Butler10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-3761Samuel W. Yee11https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-3907Jeffrey D. Crane12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-787XStephen Shectman13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-6136David Osip14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0412-9664Yuri Beletsky15Andrew Monson16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-2586Leslie Hebb17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-8637Luke C. Powers18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-5353John P. Wisniewski19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-1808Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes20https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-9741Chad F. Bender21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-7220Jiayin Dong22https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-6953Te Han23https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-7643Joe P. Ninan24https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8720-5612Paul Robertson25https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-9678Arpita Roy26https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5775Christian Schwab27https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-987XGuđmundur Stefánsson28https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-5688Jason T. Wright29https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-5888Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USACenter for Theoretical Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandCenter for Theoretical Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USAEarth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USADepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USAThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USAThe Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USALas Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena, ChileLas Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena, ChileSteward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USAPhysics Department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges , 300 Pulteney Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , 245 East Avenue, Ithaca, NY 14850, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USANASA Headquarters, 300 Hidden Figures Way SW , Washington, DC 20546, USASchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; The Macquarie University Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaSteward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , New York, NY, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, IndiaDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASchool of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USADepartment of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; mmd6393@psu.edu; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USAWe confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian-mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of ${2.59}_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M _J , making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M dwarf. The planet is ∼0.4% of the mass of its 0.63 M _⊙ host and may have a heavy-element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core accretion during the protoplanetary phase and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to take place either much earlier in the disk lifetime or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1a19Exoplanet detection methodsExoplanet astronomyExoplanet formationExoplanetsRadial velocityTransit photometry |
spellingShingle | Megan Delamer Shubham Kanodia Caleb I. Cañas Simon Müller Ravit Helled Andrea S. J. Lin Jessica E. Libby-Roberts Arvind F. Gupta Suvrath Mahadevan Johanna Teske R. Paul Butler Samuel W. Yee Jeffrey D. Crane Stephen Shectman David Osip Yuri Beletsky Andrew Monson Leslie Hebb Luke C. Powers John P. Wisniewski Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes Chad F. Bender Jiayin Dong Te Han Joe P. Ninan Paul Robertson Arpita Roy Christian Schwab Guđmundur Stefánsson Jason T. Wright TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion The Astrophysical Journal Letters Exoplanet detection methods Exoplanet astronomy Exoplanet formation Exoplanets Radial velocity Transit photometry |
title | TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion |
title_full | TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion |
title_fullStr | TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion |
title_full_unstemmed | TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion |
title_short | TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion |
title_sort | toi 4201 an early m dwarf hosting a massive transiting jupiter stretching theories of core accretion |
topic | Exoplanet detection methods Exoplanet astronomy Exoplanet formation Exoplanets Radial velocity Transit photometry |
url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1a19 |
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