Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition
Human heel pads commonly undergo cyclic loading during daily activities. Low cyclic loadings such as daily human walking tend to have less effect on the mechanical properties of heel pads. However, the impact of cyclic loading on cushion performance, a vital biomechanical property of heel pads, unde...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229976/full |
| _version_ | 1827788713845850112 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhihui Qian Zhiqiang Zhuang Xiangyu Liu Haotian Bai Lei Ren Lei Ren Luquan Ren |
| author_facet | Zhihui Qian Zhiqiang Zhuang Xiangyu Liu Haotian Bai Lei Ren Lei Ren Luquan Ren |
| author_sort | Zhihui Qian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human heel pads commonly undergo cyclic loading during daily activities. Low cyclic loadings such as daily human walking tend to have less effect on the mechanical properties of heel pads. However, the impact of cyclic loading on cushion performance, a vital biomechanical property of heel pads, under engineering test condition remains unexplored. Herein, dynamic mechanical measurements and finite element (FE) simulations were employed to explore this phenomenon. It was found that the wavy collagen fibers in the heel pad will be straightened under cycle compression loading, which resulted in increased stiffness of the heel pad. The stiffness of the heel pads demonstrated an inclination to escalate over a span of 50,000 loading cycles, consequently resulting in a corresponding increase in peak impact force over the same loading cycles. Sustained cyclic loading has the potential to result in the fracturing of the straightened collagen fibers, this collagen breakage may diminish the stiffness of the heel pad, leading to a reduction in peak impact force. This work enhances understanding of the biomechanical functions of human heel pad and may provide potential inspirations for the innovative development of healthcare devices for foot complex. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:10:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-91147d57482e4a659c135e0da3a3551d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-4185 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T17:10:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-91147d57482e4a659c135e0da3a3551d2023-10-20T06:35:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852023-10-011110.3389/fbioe.2023.12299761229976Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test conditionZhihui Qian0Zhiqiang Zhuang1Xiangyu Liu2Haotian Bai3Lei Ren4Lei Ren5Luquan Ren6Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaOrthopedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaSchool of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, ChinaHuman heel pads commonly undergo cyclic loading during daily activities. Low cyclic loadings such as daily human walking tend to have less effect on the mechanical properties of heel pads. However, the impact of cyclic loading on cushion performance, a vital biomechanical property of heel pads, under engineering test condition remains unexplored. Herein, dynamic mechanical measurements and finite element (FE) simulations were employed to explore this phenomenon. It was found that the wavy collagen fibers in the heel pad will be straightened under cycle compression loading, which resulted in increased stiffness of the heel pad. The stiffness of the heel pads demonstrated an inclination to escalate over a span of 50,000 loading cycles, consequently resulting in a corresponding increase in peak impact force over the same loading cycles. Sustained cyclic loading has the potential to result in the fracturing of the straightened collagen fibers, this collagen breakage may diminish the stiffness of the heel pad, leading to a reduction in peak impact force. This work enhances understanding of the biomechanical functions of human heel pad and may provide potential inspirations for the innovative development of healthcare devices for foot complex.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229976/fullheel padcyclic loadingcushioning performancedynamic mechanical propertiesfinite element simulations |
| spellingShingle | Zhihui Qian Zhiqiang Zhuang Xiangyu Liu Haotian Bai Lei Ren Lei Ren Luquan Ren Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology heel pad cyclic loading cushioning performance dynamic mechanical properties finite element simulations |
| title | Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| title_full | Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| title_fullStr | Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| title_short | Effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| title_sort | effects of extreme cyclic loading on the cushioning performance of human heel pads under engineering test condition |
| topic | heel pad cyclic loading cushioning performance dynamic mechanical properties finite element simulations |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1229976/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhihuiqian effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT zhiqiangzhuang effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT xiangyuliu effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT haotianbai effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT leiren effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT leiren effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition AT luquanren effectsofextremecyclicloadingonthecushioningperformanceofhumanheelpadsunderengineeringtestcondition |